Global Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology (ISSN : 2322-2441)
Issue 8, 2013 , pp. 67-73
© GJSET Publishing, 2013.
http://www.gjset.org
67
DC MOTOR CONTROL USING CHOPPER
NAZANIN AFRASIABI
Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Kish
International Campus, University of Tehran
Kish Island
IRAN
n.afrasiabi@ut.ac.ir
MOHAMMADREZA HAIRI YAZDI
School of Mechanical Engineering
University of Tehran
College of Engineering, Karegar St.North,
Tehran
IRAN
myazdi@ut.ac.ir
Abstract: - This paper deals with DC motor control in a high performance manner. The DC motor control
system is designed and performed using a chopper circuit. The four different parts of control of DC
motors will be considered here. Using chopper as a converter the speed of DC motor is controllable. The
chopper firing circuit gets signal from controller and then by supplying variable voltage to the armature of
the motor the desired speed chopper is achieved. There are two different types of control loops, current
controller and speed controller. The controller used is Proportional-Integral type. Using this controller the
delay is removed and fast control is achieved. Separately excited DC motor is designed and the complete
layout of DC drive mechanism is achieved. The current and speed controller is designed and in order to
get stable and high speed control of DC motor, the speed controller is optimized using modulus hugging
method. After obtaining the entire model of DC drive system, the model is utilized with MATLAB
(SIMULINK). DC motor drive is computer simulated and analyzed under various speeds and load
torques.
Key-Words: - chopper circuit, four quadrant control, DC motors, control loops, MATLAB (SIMULINK).
1. Introduction
High performance motor derives are necessary parts of
industrial applications. A motor drive system with high
performance has special characteristics such as good
dynamic speed command tracking and load regulating
response. DC motors are well known for their excellent
control of speed for acceleration and deceleration. In a
DC motor the power supply directly connects to the field
of the motor and causes a precise voltage control which
is essential for applications which need control of speed
and torque.
Because of various advantages such as simplicity, ease
of application, reliability and favorable cost, DC drives
have long been a backbone of industrial applications. In
comparison with AC drive systems DC drives are less
and are normally cheaper for low horsepower ratings.
DC motors are identified as adjustable speed machines
for many years and a wide range of options have evolved
for this purpose. Adjustable speed AC drives would be
more complex and expensive. D.C motor is considered
as a SISO (Single Input and Single Output) system
which has torque/speed characteristics and is compatible
with most mechanical loads. By proper adjustment of the
terminal voltage [3] the mentioned characteristic makes
a D.C motor controllable over a wide range of speeds. In
this article controlling DC motor speed using Chopper as
power converter and PI as speed and current controller is
investigated. A chopper is a static power electronic
device that converts fixed dc input voltage to a variable
dc output voltage. Chopper systems have smooth control
capability and are highly efficient and fast in response. A
chopper can be used to step down or step up the fixed dc
input voltage [2] like a transformer.