Four new species of Graphis (Ostropales: Graphidaceae) from Brazil Manuela DAL-FORNO and Sionara ELIASARO Abstract: Four species of the genus Graphis Adans. are described as new to science, namely G. archeri, G. invisibilis, G. lueckingii and G. paranaensis. These new species were found growing in restinga forest in southern Brazil. Key words: coastal vegetation, lichenized fungi, lichens, restinga, soredia Introduction During an intensive survey of Graphidaceae Dumort. in Paraná State, southern Brazil, four new Graphis Adans. species with com- pletely carbonized excipula were encoun- tered. The species were found in a typical Brazilian coastal vegetation forest, known as restinga, which is included in the Atlantic forest domain and grows on poor sandy soil along the coast of Brazil (Joly et al. 1999). The new species are described below. Materials and Methods The specimens were examined using standard stereo- scopic and light microscopic techniques. Sections of thalli and ascomata were mounted in water, 10% KOH and Lugol’s Solution. All measurements were made in water. Chemical constituents were identified by thin layer chromatography (Culberson & Ammann 1979, Elix & Ernst-Russell 1993) and by comparison with authentic samples. The Species Graphis archeri Dal-Forno & Eliasaro sp. nov. Sicut Graphis componens sed ascosporis minoribus et lirellis immersis differt. Typus: Brazil, Paraná, Pontal do Paraná, Pontal do Sul, 25°34' 11$S, 48°21' 32$W, on lianas in forest restinga, 28 February 2008, M. Dal-Forno 502a (UPCB—holotypus). (Fig. 1A) Thallus epiperidermal, corticate, continu- ous to slightly rimose, 120–135 μm tall, with many crystals of 8–25 × 8–18 μm, scattered in the thallus, but mainly in clusters of 27– 62 × 30–50 μm near the excipulum; soredia absent; surface white-grey, dull, uneven. Ascomata lirelliform, isolated, sinuous, simple to partly branched, immersed, 1–3 mm long and 0·1–0·16 mm wide, black; disc concealed; thalline margin lateral, reach- ing the apices in some lirellae; labia striate, convergent; excipulum completely carbon- ized, 150–160 μm tall. Hymenium clear, 70– 90 μm tall, 70–100 μm wide, I-; paraphyses unbranched, filiform, 1·0–1·5 μm thick, hyaline, sometimes pale brown at the tips; ascospores hyaline, muriform with 7–8 × 1–2 septa, ellipsoid, I+ blue-violet, 24–31 × 10– 13 μm, 4–6 per ascus, 2–3 times as long as wide. Chemistry. Thallus K+ yellow / orange, norstictic acid present. Etymology. The new species is named in honour of Dr Alan W. Archer, from the National Herbarium of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. M. Dal-Forno and S. Eliasaro: Departamento de Botânico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. P. 19031, 81531-970, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Email: manudalforno@hotmail.com The Lichenologist 42(1): 77–81 (2010) © British Lichen Society, 2009 doi:10.1017/S002428290999034X