Critical Race and Whiteness Studies
www.acrawsa.org.au/ejournal
Volume 9, Number 2, 2013
ISSN 1838-8310 © Australian Critical Race and Whiteness Studies Association 2013
GENERAL ISSUE
Talking about ‘Australian Values’ in the Australian
Parliament: How Politicians Contest Culturalist Racism
Jennifer E. Cheng
University of Bern
In the last decade, mainstream political definitions and the language used in
debates about cultural integration have shifted in such a way that it has become
more difficult to talk explicitly about racism. Since racist attitudes are
increasingly disguised under proxies of differences in culture, lifestyle, or values,
recognising and contesting racism becomes a complex task. This article uses
critical discourse analysis to investigate the Australian Labor Party’s response to
Coalition Government rhetoric about the necessity of migrants adopting
‘Australian values’ in proposals for new citizenship laws. Focusing on speeches
about the Australian Citizenship Bill 2005 that sought to implement stricter
requirements for naturalisation, this article identifies strategies that opposition
politicians used to challenge the government’s usage of ‘Australian values’ in a
new citizenship regime. Argumentation schemes the speakers used included the
framing of migrants as already adhering to ‘Australian values’, pointing out the
hypocrisy of a government which does not abide by its own values, and critiquing
the content of the government’s ‘Australian values’. Although the speakers
depicted immigrants from non-English speaking backgrounds in an
overwhelmingly positive light to try to counteract culturally essentialist claims,
there was a failure to question the hegemonic discourses of ‘Australian values’
that define certain migrant groups as unwilling to integrate or contribute to
Australian society.
Keywords: Racism, culturalist racism, Australian values, migrants, critical discourse
analysis
Introduction
Over the past few decades, expressions of racist attitudes have changed in shape
and form in Australia and other Western liberal-democratic countries.