HOW DO CORPORATE VENTURE CAPITALISTS
DO DEALS? AN EXPLORATION OF
CORPORATE INVESTMENT PRACTICES
VANGELIS SOUITARIS
1,2
* and STEFANIA ZERBINATI
1
1
Cass Business School, City University London, London, United Kingdom
2
LUISS University, Rome, Italy
How do corporate venture capitalists (CVCs) do deals? Conversations with CVCs suggest that
the putative view of venture capital investing is incomplete. We draw on 13 cases of CVC
programs to document eight ‘corporate investment practices’ that are unique to CVCs. These
practices reflect pressure on the CVC units for strategic fit and engagement with the corporation
and also an opportunity to utilize parental resources. We then show that CVCs vary their
emphasis on corporate investment practices, diverging into two distinct investment logics,
‘integrated’ versus ‘arm’s-length.’ Focus of isomorphism on internal versus external stakehold-
ers explains the emergence of the two logics. Copyright © 2014 Strategic Management Society.
‘We have one limited partner in our fund and we’ve
got to make sure we keep them happy, and that is
very different to an independent VC.’ (K1, Kappa).
INTRODUCTION
Corporate venture capital (CVC) is defined as minor-
ity equity investments by established corporations in
privately held entrepreneurial ventures (Dushnitsky,
2012). CVC represents an important and growing
source of capital for entrepreneurs. Whereas inde-
pendent venture capital (VC) funds declined during
the 2000 to 2010 decade (Ghalbouni and Rouzies,
2010), corporate venture capital has shown an
upswing. As CVC activity has grown since 2005,
so has academic interest in the phenomenon
(Dushnitsky 2012; Hill et al., 2009; Keil, Autio, and
George, 2008; Maula, 2007). This study documents
and explains aspects of the CVC investment process
that diverge from standard practices of independent
venture capitalists (VCs).
The venture capital literature identified a series of
stages within a VC deal, such as deal origination,
screening, and structuring (Wright and Robbie,
1998; Gompers and Lerner, 2004; Fried and Hisrich,
1994; Tyebjee and Bruno, 1984), and then described
and explained specific practices within each stage,
such as syndication and staging (e.g., Gompers and
Lerner, 2004). We argue that the current theory,
framed around independent VCs, is not well suited
to fully explain the investment practices of CVCs for
two reasons: first, CVC units typically have a single,
dominant, limited partner, who owns the unit and
provides all the funds (the parent corporation).
Instead, independent VCs typically raise a fund from
multiple, nondominant, limited partners. Second, the
limited partner of CVC units (a corporation) typi-
cally seeks both financial and strategic benefits.
In contrast, the limited partners of independent VCs
are investors typically interested only in financial
returns. More broadly, since corporate ventures
differ in their practices from independent ventures
(Narayanan, Yang, and Zahra, 2009; Shrader and
Simon, 1997), we expect CVC investment practices
Keywords: corporate venture capital; investment practices;
focus of isomorphism; institutional logics
*Correspondence to: Vangelis Souitaris, Cass Business School,
City University London, 106 Bunhill Row, London EC1Y 8TZ,
U.K. E-mail: v.souitaris@city.ac.uk
Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal
Strat. Entrepreneurship J., ••: ••–•• (2014)
Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI: 10.1002/sej.1178
Copyright © 2014 Strategic Management Society