Paper Code: ISC/2014/TP/62/2014 Energy Efficiency in Urban Water Supplies Need for Web Interactive Tool G Rudra Narsimha Rao 1 E Nand Gopal K V Sharma Industrial Energy Division Industrial Energy Division Centre for Energy Studies The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) Jawaharlal Nehru Technical University (JNTU) Bangalore, India New Delhi, India Hyderabad, India grnrao@teri.res.in enand.gopal@teri.res.in kvsharmajntu@gmail.com 1 Corresponding Author Abstract – In India the share of urban water utilities’ electrical energy consumption is over 5% of national electricity production. Energy cost is usually between 50 to 60% of the total operating cost of an urban water supply system. In urban water supply systems 90% of this electrical energy is consumed by pumps. The major component of the life cycle cost (LCC) of pumps is related to the energy spent in pumping, the remaining being related to the purchase and maintenance of the equipment. A small improvement in pumping efficiency would yield significant reduction in energy consumption, which would in turn lead to reduction of carbon emissions to the atmosphere. The data gathered from urban water pumping stations in various cities and towns, where energy conservation studies were conducted in India have been used in the analysis. The flow rate and quantity of water pumped, the number of pumps in use, the duration of operation, motor rewinding history was recorded for each station. Portable instruments were used for measuring actual parameters. This paper encapsulates data compilation and various energy related issues of different urban water supply system in India. To assist the water utility staff a web based interactive tool has been developed for identification of energy cost saving opportunities. The implications due to the use of such an online tool and its benefits are deliberated in the paper. Keywords — Energy efficiency, Urban water supply, Cost effective solution, Web interactive tool I INTRODUCTION In India the share of the urban water utilities’ electrical energy consumption is over 5% of the national electricity production. Energy cost is usually between 50 to 60% of the total operating cost of an urban water supply system. In urban water supply systems 90% of this electrical energy is consumed by pumps. Pumping energy cost forms an important part of the operational cost of water distribution systems worldwide. Upgrading motors and pumps with energy efficient ones and properly adjusting them for system requirement often allow significant energy savings [1]. Changing the pumping operational procedures is a very effective way for optimizing its energy consumption and it does not need any additional investment, the reduction in energy cost occurs immediately. Efforts to increase energy efficiency can reduce electrical consumption for pumping by as much as 5% – 25%, and sometimes even greater savings are realized [2]. The major component of the life cycle cost (LCC) of pumps is related to the energy spent in pumping, the remaining being related to the purchase and maintenance of the equipment. The issues pertaining to India is different than developed countries in this particular area. A huge sum of town municipality budget amount goes for paying electrical utility bills The cost savings in water supply can lead to effective quality services (such as education, health, water and sanitation) to the local communities. One of the essential elements for optimizing energy cost of urban utilities is data monitoring and analysis. Understanding of present tariffs and operational improvements itself results into a significant cost savings. A small improvement in pumping efficiency would yield significant reduction in energy consumption, which would in turn lead to reduction of carbon emissions to the atmosphere. In recent years, municipalities in global scenario are finding it challenging to supply potable quality piped drinking water due to a phenomenal growth in the urban population over past five decades. The issues affecting the water sector include disparity in water supply across regions, depletion of ground water and undercapitalized municipalities. The disruption in the monsoon rainfall pattern and rising energy tariffs has also created problems in meeting additional water requirement. Municipalities are spending large portions (40 - 60% of budget) of their revenues on purchasing energy for providing public services such as street lighting and water supply [3]. According to a recent Electric Power Survey, the Public Water Works in India consumes more than 12000 MUs and Public Lighting consumes 5000 MUs of electricity. Theoretical studies and practical implementation of optimal pump scheduling in various types of supply systems suggest that 10 % of the annual expenditure on energy and related costs may be saved if proper optimization methods are used [4]. The objectives is to analysis the water utility system, and simulate several scheduling scenarios with optimized pumps in order to minimize the expenditure related to energy consumption, based on the demand patterns and associated energy tariffs.