Research journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 4(7): 781-785, 2012
ISSN: 2040-7467
© Maxwell Scientific Organizational, 2012
Submitted: October 05, 2011 Accepted: November 02, 2011 Published: April 01, 2012
Corresponding Author: Farid Golzardi,Young Researchers Club, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
781
Investigating Factors Affecting Knowledge of Agricultural Science Students of
Bu-Ali Sina University of Iran toward Organic Farming
1
Farid Golzardi,
2
Shabnam Sarvaramini,
3
Kamal Sadatasilan and
4
Mahsa Sarvaramini
1
Young Researchers Club, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University Karaj, Iran
2
Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
3
Payame Noor University, Iran
4
Department of Animal Science, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
Abstract: The purpose of this research was to investigate viewpoints of students about organic farming. The
undesirable negative consequence of conventional farming has lead to the need and emphasis for new
sustainable agricultural production techniques. Agricultural students play an important role in extension and
spread of the system. This research was carried out applying a survey method. The respondents were 150
agricultural students from Bu-ali Sina University of Hamedan. Instrument of data gathering was questionnaire.
Likert-type scales were used to measure knowledge and attitude toward organic farming. Cronbach’s alpha
coefficient was higher than 0.7 which was favorable. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by an experts’
panel. Data analysis was accomplished using SPSS. The results indicated that access to environmental
information as well as the attitude toward environmental issues has positive and direct effect on knowledge
toward organic farming. Based on the results, variables of attitude towards health within the framework of
environmental attitude exert indirect effects of knowledge toward organic farming.
Key words: Attitude, knowledge, norm, organic farming, students
INTRODUCTION
In the first period agricultural production was mainly
in traditional form and involved use of non-purchased
inputs. It mainly entailed soil-building practices, nonuse
of synthetic inputs and use of non-chemical material like
ash, cow dung etc. to control pest and diseases. On the
arrival of the green revolution especially in the larger
farms developed with an emphasis on high external input
agriculture, as the cost of the external inputs continued to
be unsustainable for the smallholders and the natural
fertility declined rapidly probably due to toxicity
problems of chemical fertilizers. Coupled with declining
food security was poverty that resulted from low
agricultural productivity, consequently calling for
alternative sustainable production systems.
In response to growing environmental and social
concerns, steps are being taken by the agricultural
industry to develop and use more responsible practices.
Many farmers share concerns about the future of the food
and fiber industry and some are taking action to improve
their operations. “Without abandoning the quest for
efficiency, they are trying to farm within more responsible
boundaries. They want a farm that is not only profitable,
but durable. The kind of agriculture they aspire to be
usually termed ‘sustainable agriculture”’ (Northwest Area
Foundation, 1994).
Organic agriculture includes all agricultural systems
that promote the environmentally, socially and
economically production of food and fibres with a greater
emphasis on soil fertility (UNCTAD, 2006).
The increased demand for organically grown food has
reflected consumers’ concern with food safety, genetically
modified foods, pesticide residues, and the environmental
impact of conventional agriculture (Fresh, 1996; LaTrobe,
2001; Misra et al., 1991; Zepeda et al., 2006).
Previous studies have revealed possible economic,
health, and technical barriers that influenced non-organic
farmers’ attitudes about adopting organic farming
practices (Hattam, 2006; Schneeberger et al., 2002). Such
studies explained why non-organic farmers did not
consider organic production as economically feasible
(Darnhofer et al., 2005; Fairweather, 1999; Niemeyer and
Lombard, 2003). Austrian farmers, for example, did not
adopt organic practices for the following reasons: no
compensation payments for organics and no willingness
to forego net income for benefits of environmentally
friendly farming (Darnhofer et al., 2005).
Given the supply and demand for organic foods, it
would be valuable to communicators, educators, and
Extension professionals to understand non-organic
farmers’ attitudes toward organic and non-organic
agriculture and their barriers to adoption. Studying
attitudes is a central field of social psychology, but it yet