*Corresponding Author Address: Dr. Somia Gul, Associate Professor, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah University for Women, 74600 Karachi,
Pakistan; E-mail: drsomi1983@yahoo.com
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
ISSN (Print): 2321-3310; ISSN (Online): 2321-3086
Published by Atom and Cell Publishers © All Rights Reserved
Available online at: http://www.wjpsonline.com/
Research Article
Pharmacophilia: Prevalence and trends in our community
Tazeen Husain, Hafiza Fouzia Ahmed, Madiha Maboos, Somia Gul
Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah University for Women, 74600 Karachi, Pakistan
Received: 23-02-2014 / Revised: 03-03-2014 / Accepted: 18-03-2014
ABSTRACT
Pharmacophilia is affection for taking medications with or without need, basically taking drugs like
hallucinogens, anti-depressants, analgesics, anti-allergics, cough preparation and alcohols. The aim of this study
is to identify and analyze the factors that influence attitude of our community to take medicines frequently and
unnecessarily. Study was conducted on 104 participants and they were classed as Pharmacophilia according to
the attitude and compared with regarding to socio-demographic variables, clinical characteristics, gender, age-
group, and education. Finally results were evaluated statistically and compared with retrospective data.
Appraisal of the study shows that with respect to gender, males tended to be less Pharmacophilia (59.4%) than
females (75%). As far as age was concerned 45.71% of adults, 23.07% teenagers and 75% geriatrics claimed to
be Pharmacophilia. As for the education level 18.75% graduates, 44.44% intermediate-pass and 66.67%
matriculation-pass were Pharmacophilia. As the level of education declined, the number of people answering
positively to Pharmacophilia was seen to increase. Most of the individuals admitted to taking medicines for the
purpose of relaxing themselves. Additionally, anti-hypertensive drugs were used by 19.01%, analgesics were
used by 68.57% and anti-depressants by78.8%. 54.40% took medicines on daily basis, 16.21% on weekly basis,
1.34% on monthly basis and 27.03% took more than one times daily. 51.42% claimed that being Pharmacophilia
brought a negative change in their life. Trend showed that mostly drug used by Pharmacophilia individuals
belongs to anti-depressants for relaxation and it is recommended to conduct awareness programs for the control
of drug misuse.
Key words: Pharmacophilia, Hallucinogens, Socio-demographic, Retrospective.
INTRODUCTION
Pharmacophilia is defined as a morbid fascination
for taking drugsit is also called pharmacomania, [1]
and is closely related to drug abuse and addiction.
The National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA)
defines any illicit use of a substance as drug abuse;
this includes the non-medical use of prescription
drugs. NIDA defines addiction as a chronic,
relapsing disease characterized by compulsive drug
seeking and use despite harmful consequences as
well as neurochemical and molecular changes in
the brain. [2] A pharmacophile may desire drugs
like ayahuasca [3] (drugs that cause hallucinations),
anti- depressants or caffeinated drugs such as
antihistamines. WHO states that there are several
reasons of being pharmacophilic, such as: lack of
information about rational use of drug, improper or
incomplete knowledge given by physician,
incomplete counseling by pharmacist. [4] The
possible consequences of pharmacophilic behavior
are adverse effects and building up of tolerance to
the ingredients. In 2003, Croghan et al studied
American attitudes toward psychiatric medication
and their willingness to use them. Most
respondents agreed that psychiatric medicines were
effective but were not willing to take them even
when advised to do so by a doctor. Compliance
was influenced by factors including health status
and past use of treatments. [5] Townsend and
friends studied the viewpoint of adolescents toward
psychiatric medication. They also evaluated the
effectiveness of Hogan’s Drug Attitude Inventory
(DAI) for assessing the same [6]. Past research
indicates that adolescent compliance ranges from
10-80% depending on population and drug
evaluated. While the DAI had been successfully
used to predict adherence to regimen in adults,
Townsend et al were the first to use it on a
population of adolescents. They found that the
results were only “fair” fit to the adolescent data,
possibly because the DAI do not adequately reflect
adolescent experiences with medications. They
suggested potential alterations that could make the