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ARVO 2014 Annual Meeting Abstracts
127 Spatial and temporal vision
Sunday, May 04, 2014 1:30 PM–3:15 PM
Exhibit/Poster Hall SA Poster Session
Program #/Board # Range: 758–790/D0001–D0033
Organizing Section: Visual Psychophysics / Physiological Optics
Program Number: 758 Poster Board Number: D0001
Presentation Time: 1:30 PM–3:15 PM
Contrast Sensitivity in Patients with Cataract: Comparing Pelli-
Robson with SPARCS Testing Methods
Victor Cvintal, Radha Delvadia, Yi Sun, Ellif Erdem, Camila
Zangalli, Lan Lu, Sheryl S. Wizov, Jesse Richman, Eric Spaeth,
George L. Spaeth. Wills Eye Hospital, Philadephia, PA.
Purpose: The ability to discern contrast is an important aspect of
vision. Cataracts affect this ability. Presently, a frequently used
method to determine contrast sensitivity (CS) is the Pelli-Robson
Chart (P-R), which evaluates central CS based on the ability to read
Sloan Letters, organized into triplets of decreasing contrast. The
Spaeth/Richman Contrast Sensitivity (SPARCS) test uses alternate
black and white square wave bars, which test CS centrally and also
in four peripheral quadrants. The purpose of the present study is to
compare the results of determining CS using PR and SPARCS in
healthy controls and in those with cataract.
Methods: Patients with cataract and age-matched normal controls
were prospectively evaluated using PR and SPARCS, version H2/
H3. Testing was performed in each eye separately in a standardized
testing environment. SPARCS contrast scores were determined for
central, right upper (RUQ), right lower (RLQ), left upper (LUQ) and
left lower quadrants (LLQ). PR and SPARCS scores for each area of
vision in cataract patients were compared with age-matched controls.
Results: Forty-three eyes from 23 patients and 119 eyes from 61
controls were analyzed. The mean scores for SPARCS in the center
quadrant were 13.4 and 14.44 in the cataract and control groups,
respectively (p<0.001). PR mean scores were 1.32 and 1.45 in
the cataract and control groups, respectively (p<0.001). Intraclass
correlation coeficients for patients with cataract were 0.76 for PR
and 0.61 for SPARCS. There was excellent agreement between the
ability of PR and SPARCS to detect the effect of cataract on central
CS.
Conclusions: This study illustrates the signiicant inluence of
cataract on CS, both centrally and peripherally. SPARCS offers the
advantage of determining contrast peripherally as well as centrally.
SPARCS is a user-friendly, highly speciic and sensitive method
of determining CS, without inluence of effects of visual acuity or
literacy.
Commercial Relationships: Victor Cvintal, None; Radha
Delvadia, None; Yi Sun, None; Ellif Erdem, None; Camila
Zangalli, None; Lan Lu, None; Sheryl S. Wizov, None; Jesse
Richman, Patent # 8.042,946 (P); Eric Spaeth, Patent # 8.042,946
(P); George L. Spaeth, Alcon Laboratories (F), Alcon Laboratories
(R), Allergan, Inc. (F), Allergan, Inc. (R), Merk U.S. Human Health
(F), Merk U.S. Human Health (R), Merk U.S. Human Health (R),
Patent # 8.042,946 (P), Pizer Ophthalmics (F)
Support: Pizer Inc. (Grant)
Clinical Trial: NCT01300949
Program Number: 759 Poster Board Number: D0002
Presentation Time: 1:30 PM–3:15 PM
Spatial Contrast Sensitivity is Associated with Human
Responsivity to Pain
Michele E. Mercer
1
, Geoff L. Smith
1
, Paul A. Sheppard
1
, Jessica
R. Butler
1
, Nicole R. Pelley
1
, Russell J. Adams
1, 2
.
1
Psychology,
Memorial University, St John’s, NF, Canada;
2
Pediatrics, Memorial
University, St John’s, NF, Canada.
Purpose: Last year (ARVO, 2013) we reported a surprising
relationship between two seemingly independent sensory modalities,
namely human vision and pain. Speciically, adults’ ability to tolerate
heat and pressure pain was negatively correlated with performance
on tests of spatial contrast sensitivity (CS). However, this effect was
found in a very small sample of adults who were tested repeatedly
in order to reduce intra-subject variability. To better evaluate
the robustness of this effect, and to explore the possible neural
mechanisms that may underlie sensory interactions, we evaluated the
relationship between pain and both spatial and temporal vision within
a much larger group of young adults.
Methods: Three measures of spatial contrast sensitivity (FACT,
Vector Vision, Rabin) and both temporal photopic and mesopic
licker fusion thresholds were assessed binocularly in 105 healthy
young adults (M = 23 y; 62 females, 43 males). Within the same
session, adults’ threshold and tolerance to both contact heat (arm) and
pressure pain (pinky inger) was also assessed.
Results: Analyses revealed strong correlations between all measures
of spatial CS and heat pain tolerance (all r > - 0.65), although results
for pressure pain were more modest. More speciically, those who
showed lower tolerance for heat pain (i.e., were more sensitive
to pain) also showed higher levels of spatial contrast sensitivity.
Conversely, temporal measures of critical licker fusion thresholds
appeared uncorrelated with pain threshold or tolerance.
Conclusions: These results provide further evidence that human
adults show a relationship between heat pain sensitivity and spatial
vision, but not between pain and the present measures of temporal
vision. Given that dopamine is heavily involved in both the
processing of pain as well as spatial information in the visual cortex,
this raises the interesting possibility that the observed co-variation in
sensitivity may be explained by dopaminergic involvement.
Commercial Relationships: Michele E. Mercer, None; Geoff L.
Smith, None; Paul A. Sheppard, None; Jessica R. Butler, None;
Nicole R. Pelley, None; Russell J. Adams, None
Support: NSERC (Canada), Janeway Hospital Research Foundation
Program Number: 760 Poster Board Number: D0003
Presentation Time: 1:30 PM–3:15 PM
Photopic and scotopic spatio-temporal contrast sensitivity
function in adult zebraish
Nadine Hollbach
1, 2
, Christoph Tappeiner
2
, Anna Jazwinska
3
, Volker
Enzmann
2
, Markus Tschopp
1, 2
.
1
Ophthalmology, University Hospital
of Basel, Basel, Switzerland;
2
Ophthalmology, University Hospitalcof
Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland;
3
Biology, University of Fribourg,
Fribourg, Switzerland.
Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the spatio-temporal
contrast sensitivity functions (CSFs) of adult zebraish (Danio rerio)
under photopic and scotopic conditions by assessing the optokinetic
relex. To date, in zebraish, CSFs were only measured cursory
at photopic light levels. Detailed CSFs help to better understand
the visual system of zebraish, e.g. whether it is tuned to spatial
frequency, speed or temporal frequency. Furthermore, CSFs allow the
identiication of ideal test conditions for visual functions.
Methods: Contrast sensitivity threshold was measured using a
modiied commercially available optomotor device (OptoMotry,