IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308 _______________________________________________________________________________________________ Volume: 03 Issue: 05 | May-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 697 PROMINENT PLAYERS OF EM FIELD RADIATION AND EMISSION IN BPLC LINE Shililiandumi Naiman 1 , Mussa. M. Kissaka 2 , Omar. F. Hamad 3 , Justinian Anatory 4 1 PhD Student, Dept. of ETE, Universtiy of Dar es Salaam , TANZANIA 2 Senior Lecturer, Dept. of ETE, Universtiy of Dar es Salaam , TANZANIA 3 Senior Lecturer, Dept. of ETE, Universtiy of Dar es Salaam , TANZANIA 4 Associate Professor, College of Informatics and Virtual Education, University of Dodoma, TANZANIA Abstract The paper brings to the readers the causes or factors and the extents in which they influence radiation emitted by BPLC network. The typical network topology is used to simulate those causes or factors and the paper tries to come up with theoretical agreement to what was postulated in previous studies. Some of the potential factors are analyzed and their results are discussed for the purpose of verifying the effect and, later, proposing suitable mitigation methods for each identified factor. In this paper the contributions of common mode (CM) current, line bend and the frequency to BPLC radiation are discussed. CST cable studio tools for EMC analysis are applied to simulate and confirm the influence of each factor. The results indicate that CM current due to unsymmetrical network does cause radiation and the magnitude of radiation depends on the magnitude of CM current. Also, bending the transmission line to an angle increases radiation with maximum radiation observed at 10 degree and minimum at 50 degree. The effect of frequency signal on BPLC indicates that the higher the frequency, the higher the line radiated signal with maximum radiation at 55 MHz. Keywords: BPLC, Electromagnetic Radiation, Emission, Interferences --------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. INTRODUCTION The use of high frequencies for BPLC communication has become a problem since it poses a radiation and interference threat for communication equipment assigned similar frequency and to human being who are subjected to that environment. High Frequency (HF) radio services may be affected by the unwanted radiation from the new broadband PLC systems which are anticipated to radiate beyond recommended limits. For a BPLC to be widely accepted and deployed, it is necessary to ensure that, the emissions produced do not disturb other services and systems that are using the same frequency band or adjacent frequency bands. According to European Standard, CENELEC EN 50065, BPLC has been allocated a frequency spectrum from 9 kHz to 140 kHz for narrow band and 1 MHz to 30 MHz for broadband communication with 1-15 MHz for outdoor communication and 15-30 MHz for indoor communication. The levels of immunity and emissions are regulated by EMC standards. The frequency range of 3 kHz to 95 kHz is restricted for use by electricity suppliers and 95 kHz to 148.5 kHz is restricted to consumer uses. The radiation level for the band 95 kHz to 148.5 kHz is limited to 116 dBμV for general use and for particular applications such as industrial areas which is limited to 134 dBμV. The frequency range 1-15 MHz is limited to 30μV/m and 15-80 MHz to 100 μV/m [1] and [2]. For human being, using BPLC services will expose them to high radiation which affects tissues and causes radiation related diseases such as brain tumor and irreversible infertility. There is evidence that the EM fields to the human body have effects if the person is exposed to it in significant amount of time beyond the recommended level. The effects are different and dependent on the frequency range [3] [4]. For human beings, the ITU has recommended a minimum level of emission for a general public exposure in the frequency range 3 kHz -150 kHz as an electric field strength of 87 V/m and 1MHz to 100 MHz as 28 V/m and magnetic field strength of 5 A/m [5] and [6]. The effect of radiation from BPLC for human being is analyzed by the way it reacts with our body mechanism. For the RF range the bio- mechanisms and related dosimetric quantities are shown in Table 1 which is caused by radiation to human body [7]; [8]. Table 1 - Metrics in exposure standards for RF range Frequency range Bio- mechanism Dosimetric quantity VLF/LF (3 kHz - 100 kHz) Neuromuscular stimulation Current density in excitable tissues Intermediate RF (100kHz - 3 GHz) Tissue heating Spec.Absorption Rate (SAR) in W/kg Microwaves (3 GHz– 300 GHz) Surface heating Power Density in W/m2 (Source: [7]) 2. RELATED WORK Paragraph comes content here. Paragraph comes content here. Paragraph comes content here. Paragraph comes content here. Paragraph comes content here. Paragraph