Innovative socio-technical environments in
support of distributed intelligence and lifelong
learning
G. Fischer* & S. Konomi*†
*Center for LifeLong Learning and Design (L
3
D), University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
†Center for Spatial Information Science (CSIS), University of Tokyo, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
Abstract Individual, unaided human abilities are constrained. Media have helped us to transcend bound-
aries in thinking, working, learning and collaborating by supporting distributed intelligence.
Wireless and mobile technologies provide new opportunities for creating novel socio-technical
environments and thereby empowering humans, but not without potential pitfalls. We explore
these opportunities and pitfalls from a lifelong-learning perspective and discuss how wireless
and mobile technologies can influence and change conceptual frameworks such as the relation-
ship between planning and situated action, context awareness, human attention, distances in
collaborative design activities, and the trade-off between tools for living and tools for learning.
The impact of wireless and mobile technologies is illustrated with our research projects, which
focus on moving ‘computing off the desktop’ by ‘going small, large, and everywhere’. Specific
examples include human-centred public transportation systems, collaborative design, and
information sharing with smart physical objects.
Keywords context awareness, distributed intelligence, human attention, lifelong learning, situated action,
wireless and mobile technologies.
Introduction
A fundamental challenge for research in computer
science, cognitive science, and the learning sciences
is to understand thinking, learning, working and colla-
borating by exploiting the power of omnipotent and
omniscient technology based on reliable, ubiquitous
wireless and mobile computing environments (Pea
2004). New ways of thinking and new educational
approaches are needed to address the design of socio-
technical environments (Mumford 1987). We need to
understand what tasks should be reserved for educated
human minds and the collaboration among different
human minds, and what tasks can and should be taken
over or aided by cognitive artifacts. In such an
information-rich world, the true power comes not from
more information, but from information that is person-
ally meaningful, relevant to people’s concerns and
relevant to the task at hand.
The impact of wireless and mobile technology
(WMT) on future education cannot simply be measured
as tools that facilitate existing learning practices. We
need to take a deeper look into social practices in
the discourse of pedagogical mobile applications
(Roschelle 2003). Through the discussions on key con-
ceptual frameworks and our experiences with three
types of wireless and mobile applications, we shed light
on fundamental issues that arise as WMT influences and
changes the context and the goals of education
Accepted: 20 February 2007
Correspondence: Shin’ichi Konomi, Institute of Industrial Science,
Ew-601, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo
153-8505, Japan. Email: konomi@csis.u-tokyo.ac.jp
doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2729.2007.00238.x
SPECIAL ISSUE
Original article
338 © 2007 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2007 Blackwell Publishing Ltd Journal of Computer Assisted Learning (2007), 23, 338–350