Women and Agroforestry in Java Dede Tresna Wiyanti Department of Anthropology Padjadjaran University, Indonesia; 2 nd Year Doctoral Program Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Japan. Abstract Indonesia is the third largest forest owner in the world. Forest management in Indonesia is very dynamic. Especially when we look at the history of forest management since the days of pre-colonial, colonial, and after independence. The dynamic process in forest management can also be seen in community involvement, both men and women, in forest management. From time to time, deforestation and forest degradation are very common phenomenon in Indonesia. Large number of human population means high demand for residential area, agriculture for food, and other economic activities, to fulfill human’s need. Women of just a middleman or even just the role of 'cheerleaders' in the distribution of timber forest products in Pelluso (1992), became key players in the forest management and other activities (agriculture) in it. Study in Soreang (2008) and Cianjur (2012), present the evidence. How women, after the ‘missing’ of their male partner, are able to maintain forest especially for food consumption in the household. Keywords: Indonesia, West Java, forest, agroforestry, agriculture, women. Introduction Humans have a reciprocal relationship with the environment. Humans are highly depend to the environment. We can say that environmental management by humans is an effort to fulfill their needs. This practice of management raises various forms and levels of environmental damage. At a certain extent, we were forgot that the environmental damage that we have caused, will also affect humans in returns. Agricultural activity is basically a human activity in managing the environment to meet human needs, especially for food. Agriculture plays a very important role in human life. Agriculture has been known since humans began to recognize the domestication of plants and animals. Farming or land cultivation is one form of human cultural evolution. Based on the evolutionist view, farming and cattle are considered as a higher level of hunting and gathering as a source of human livelihood. Agricultural activities are usually preceded by forest clearing activities. These activities, especially with the increasing demand for agricultural production, damaged and reduced forest land area. Indonesia is one country in the world that has a fairly extensive forest land. Indonesia is the country's third largest forest owner in the world after Brazil and Cameroon with 120 acres of