Bonfring International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management Science, Vol. 2, No. 4, December 2012 143
Tribological Properties of Aluminium 2024 Alloy–
Beryl Particulate MMC’s
H.B. Bhaskar and Abdul sharief
Abstract--- Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) are
emerging as the most versatile materials for advanced
structural, automotive, aviation, aerospace, marine, defense
applications and other related sectors because of their
excellent combination of properties. In the present
investigation, Al2024-Beryl composites were fabricated by
liquid metallurgy route by varying Weight Percentage (wt. %)
of reinforcement from 0 wt. % to 10 wt. % in steps of 2 wt. %.
The dry sliding wear tests were conducted to examine the
wear behavior of the Al2024 alloy and its composites. The
sliding wear tests were conducted for various loads, speeds
and sliding distances. The result reveals that wear rates of the
composite is lower than that of the matrix alloy and friction
coefficient was minimum when compared to monolithic alloy.
The incorporation of beryl particles as reinforcement material
in Al2024 alloy improves the tribological characteristics.
Keywords--- MMCs, Al2024, Wear Rate, Beryl, Pin-on-
Disc, Coefficient of Friction
I. INTRODUCTION
LUMINIUM Metal Matrix Composites (AMMCs) are
the new candidate materials used in varieties of
engineering applications. Aluminum and its alloys have been
used as matrix material owing to its wide applications in
industrial sector. To increase the mechanical and tribological
properties, hard reinforcement phase such as particulate, fiber
or whiskers are uniformly distributed. These materials have
emerged as the important class of advanced materials giving
engineers the opportunity to tailor the material properties
according to their needs. Essentially these materials differ
from the conventional engineering materials from the
viewpoint of homogeneity.[1] AMMCs are a class of
composite materials which are having desirable properties like
low density, high specific stiffness, high specific strength,
controlled co efficient of thermal expansion, increased
fa
1
tigue resistance and superior dimensional stability at
elevated temperatures etc. [2]. AMMCs have emerged as the
advanced engineering materials giving engineers the
opportunity to tailor the material properties according to their
H.B. Bhaskar, Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Sri Siddhartha Institute of Technology, Maralur Post, Tumkur-
572105, Karnataka, India. E-mail: bhaskarhbssit@gmail.com
Abdul sharief, Professor and Head, Department of Mechanical
Engineering, P.A. College of Engineering, Mangalore -574153, Karnataka,
India. E-mail:abdulsharief2010@gmail.com
DOI: 10.9756/BIJIEMS.1845
needs. The mechanical and tribological properties of the
matrix material was improved by reinforcing the various
reinforcements ranging from very soft materials like Graphite,
Talc etc., to high hardened ceramic particulates like SiCp,
Al
2
O
3
, etc., [3]. In recent years, particulate reinforced
aluminum alloy composites fabricated have shown significant
improvement in tribological properties, including sliding wear,
abrasive wear, friction and seizure resistance [4]. An excellent
review on the dry sliding wear of discontinuously reinforced
aluminum composites by Sannino et al., [5] reported about the
principal tribological parameters that control the friction and
wear performance of discontinuously reinforced aluminum
composites. The mechanical and physical factors have been
identified as sliding velocity and normal load whereas the
material factors are volume fraction, type of reinforcement and
size of reinforcement. The volume fractions of reinforcement
have the strongest effect on the wear resistance and have been
studied [6-9]. Many researchers have carried out the work to
increase the wear resistance of MMCs by different types of
reinforcements. The main outcome of these is that the
reinforcement improves the resistance to sliding wear [10-11].
However, the research works on the dry sliding wear of
aluminium alloys containing beryl particles were limited.
Therefore in the present investigation an attempt is made to
study the sliding wear behavior of Al2024-Beryl particulate
composites for different weight percentages of beryl particles.
II. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS
2.1 Material
The matrix alloy selected for the development of
composite material is Al-Cu-Mg alloy and designated by the
aluminium association as Al2024-T6. The chemical
composition of the matrix material is given in the Table 1.
Beryl, which is naturally occurring and chemically having
beryllium–alumina–silicate [Be
3
Al
2
(SiO
3
)
6
] was used as the
reinforcement material. The chemical composition of beryl
particles used for development of the composite are mentioned
in the Table 2.
Table 1: Chemical Composition of Al2024 Alloy (wt.%)
Table 2: Composition of Reinforcement Material (wt.%)
A
Al Cu Fe Mg Mn Si
91.95 4.63 0.35 1.4 0.6 0.41
Ti Ni Zn Cr Pb Sn
0.05 0.01 0.2 0.38 0.04 0.03
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