1 Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Draft
Proceedings of the 2013 Joint Rail Conference
JRC2013
April 15-18, 2013, Knoxville, TN, USA
JRC2013-2468
DEVELOPMENT OF A 5-CAMERA TRANSFER LENGTH MEASUREMENT SYSTEM
FOR REAL-TIME MONITORING OF RAILROAD CROSSTIE PRODUCTION
Weixin Zhao
MNE Department, Kansas State University
Manhattan, KS,USA
B. Terry Beck
MNE Department, Kansas State University
Manhattan, KS,USA
Robert J. Peterman
CE Department, Kansas State University
Manhattan, KS,USA
Chih-Hang John Wu
IMSE Department, Kansas State University
Manhattan, KS,USA
ABSTRACT
Knowledge of transfer length during production is critical
for maintaining continuous production quality in the modern
manufacture of prestressed concrete railroad crossties.
Traditional laboratory methods for measuring transfer length,
using manual instruments such as a Whittemore mechanical
gauge or surface mounted resistance-type strain gauge, are
simply not suitable for production operation. They are too
time-consuming to implement, require extensive surface
preparation, and can also require special operator training to
provide accurate and reliable surface strain profiles from which
the transfer length can be determined in a post-processing
manner.
In contrast with earlier manual methods, the newly
developed non-contact Laser Speckle Imaging (LSI) technique
has been shown to be capable of providing rapid and accurate
surface strain measurement and consequently also rapid transfer
length assessment. This system has recently been automated
and combined with the new Zhao-Lee (ZL) least-squares strain
profile fitting technique for quickly and reliably processing
surface strain data. The automated system and processing
procedure have been shown to provide an improved assessment
of transfer length, unhampered by human intervention and
subsequent potential human judgment bias.
This paper presents recent progress toward the
development of a 5-camera non-contact transfer length
measurement system that is capable of continuous monitoring of
railroad crossties in a production plant. This is made possible
using an optimized version of the previously successful LSI
system, which minimizes the number of surface strain
measurements required to achieve reliable transfer length
assessment. Experimental results and analysis will be presented
for the latest multi-camera prototype concept for this new
system design, demonstrating that only a few discrete surface
strain measurements are required to achieve accurate and
reliable transfer length assessment. Thus, for the first time it is
now possible to envision practical real-time quality control
monitoring of railroad crossties during an in-plant production
operation.
INTRODUCTION
Concrete railroad crossties have shown many desirable
features over wood crossties, including long life expectancy,
environmental friendliness, and better fuel economy of the
trains, etc. [1]. Concrete railroad crossties are fabricated by
casting concrete around already tensioned steel wires or strands.
After the casting process is complete and the concrete has
hardened, a detensioning procedure is undertaken by cutting the
reinforcing wires or strands at both ends of the concrete crosstie
to release the tension. The stress then transfers from the
embedded wires or strands directly to the concrete. The
prestressing force is developed gradually from each end of the
concrete crosstie, where the stress is zero, to locations far away
from the ends, where the stress level reaches its maximum. The