IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308 _______________________________________________________________________________________ Volume: 03 Special Issue: 11 | NCAMESHE - 2014 | Jun-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 202 EFFECTIVE USE OF BIO WASTE IN INSTITUTIONS K.Karthick 1 , K.S.Prabhakaran 2 , K.Visagavel 3 1 PG Scholar, Knowledge Institute of Technology, Salem, Tamilnadu, India 2 Assistant Professor, Knowledge Institute of Technology, Salem, Tamilnadu, India 3 Professor, Knowledge Institute of Technology, Salem, Tamilnadu, India Abstract The study of the paper is based on generation of biogas from biomass source. The biogas have an alternative energy source .The accumulation and unhygienic handling of organic waste create several environmental and health problems including the emission of hazardous gases to the atmosphere and the organic waste water discharge from institutions is having the tendency to emit poisonous gases through anaerobic fermentation. Methane is the main gas generated by the anaerobic fermentation. The biomass has the property to produce the methane gas. This can be used for cooking, laboratory purposes. By implementing this technology, the bio waste can be effectively and efficiently managed for useful purposes, which are also economical and bio waste management. Keywords: Biogas, Biomass, Waste utilization, Bio degradable waste. --------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. INTRODUCTION The main aim is to produce the biogas from the bio waste of human and food waste in institution hostels. By utilizing waste in the proper way for reduce the economic impacts and to generate the biogas, further it will be used for the cooking and laboratory purposes. The renewable energy is essential factor in development since it stimulates and support economic growth and development. Anaerobic digestion is controlled by biological degradation process which allows the efficient capturing & utilization of biogas (approx. 60% methane and 40% carbon dioxide) for energy generation. Anaerobic digestion of food waste is achievable but different types, they are composition of human waste, food waste and it results in varying degrees of methane yields, and thus the effects of mixing various types of human waste, food waste and their proportions should be determined on case by case basis. Kitchen waste and human waste is organic material having the high calorific value and nutritive value to microbes, that’s why efficiency of methane production can be increased by several orders of magnitude as said earlier. It means higher efficiency and size of reactor and cost of biogas production is reduced. Also in most of the institution and schools the kitchen waste and human waste is disposed in landfill method or discarded, which causes the public health hazards and diseases like malaria, cholera, typhoid. Inadequate management of wastes like uncontrolled dumping bears several adverse consequences: It not only leads to polluting surface and also groundwater through leachate and further promotes the breeding of flies, mosquitoes, rats and other disease bearing vectors. Also, it emits unpleasant odor & methane which is a major greenhouse gas contributing to global warming. Mankind can tackle this problem(threat) successfully with the help of methane , however till now we have not been benefited, because of ignorance of basic sciences like output of work is dependent on energy available for doing that work. This fact can be seen in current practices of using low calorific inputs human waste and food waste in institution to biogas plants, making methane generation highly inefficient. We can make this system extremely efficient by using kitchen waste/food wastes and human waste. 1.1 Biogas Biogas is produced by bacteria through the bio-degradation of organic material under anaerobic conditions. Natural generation of biogas is an important part of bio-geochemical carbon cycle (Table-2). Biogas typically refers to a mixture of gases produced by the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen. Bio gas is produced by anaerobic digestion. biogas plant is nothing but a digester (Table-1). Table-1 Anaerobic degradation of organic matter [4] Component Concentration (by volume) Methane (CH4) 55-60 % Carbon dioxide (CO2) 35-40 % Water (H2O) 2-7 % Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) 20-20,000 ppm (2%) Ammonia (NH3) 0-0.05 % Nitrogen (N) 0-2 % Oxygen (O2) 0-2 %