Volume 4 • Issue 1 • 1000173 J Vaccines Vaccin ISSN:2157-7560 JVV an open access journal Research Article Open Access Vaccines & Vaccination Sabri et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:1 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.1000173 Keywords: Mannheimia haemolytica; Inactivated recombinant vaccine; Boer goats Introduction Goats were one of domesticated animal used for food and milk in the world, including Malaysia. In 1960s, many small holders owned 5 to 10 goats in Malaysia, however the number of head has reduced signiicantly in 1980s due to lack of local goats production and supply. At the same time, the lack of knowledge of rearing and diseases of goats had greatly led to the reduction in number of goats in Malaysia. Since year 2000, the Malaysian government has promoting the agriculture sector, particularly in the animal industry by increasing the number of farm animals through the importation of Boer goats from Australia and South Africa to augment the local supply. he selection of this goat was based on the fast growth rate and excellent carcass qualities; this selection was to enhance the production of meat rather than milk production. With this rare quality, the breed is gradually the most popular breed of meat goat in Malaysia. Although there are had been claims that the Boer goats have high resistance to disease and that they adapt well to hot and dry semi-deserts but this claim has not been elucidated previously in Malaysia. Pneumonic mannheimiosis is one of the major problems in goats in Malaysia and this has afected RDC which has established a Boer goat breeding farm since year 2005. Various control strategies has been employed but vaccination is still the best alternative to combat or to reduce the incidence of pneumonic mannheimiosis in goats and sheep. Despite the fact that several available Mannheimia vaccines which contained M. haemolytica A2 are available in the market, the disease still abound possibly due to the poor immunogenicity, antigenicity of M. haemolytica A2 [1-4] and the fact that the serotype possesses no cross-reactivity with M. haemolytica A7 and A9 [4] or with M. haemolytica A1 and A6 [5] which makes vaccination of goats using vaccine containing whole-cell M. haemolytica A2 to fail to cross-protect against challenge with live M. haemolytica A7 and A9 [5,6]. In order to combat and control this obvious problem of this disease in Malaysia, a vaccine which has potential to provide protection against M. haemolytica serotypes A2, A7 and A9 is essential [7]. In search for this, the use of outer membrane proteins (Omps) of M. haemolytica that have been shown to be immunogenic could be useful tool in vaccine preparations [8-10]. With the development of a recombinant vaccine for mannheimiosis (RVM) since year 2003 and subsequent satisfactory laboratory evaluation [11], the need for a ield evaluation against naturally occurring mannheimiosis is paramount. A trial using this RVM vaccine was conducted in a goat farm in Sabah and the result obtained is hereby presented. Materials and Methods Farm history and animal management he RDC goat farm was established by the Sabah State government to augment the local goat production by importation of Boer goats from Australia. he farm was located at Papar district of Sabah. At the inception in 2005, the total number of animal was 3630 and by 2008, the farm has population of 12908 goats of more than 6 months of age. All animals were kept in the same paddock. he goats were let to graze during daytime and kept in conined areas at night. While in coninement, they were fed supplemented feed at the rate of 300 g/ animal/day while drinking water was available ad libitum. *Corresponding author: MY Sabri, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia, Tel: 603 89468297; Fax: 603 89486317; E-mail: sabri@vet.upm.edu.my Received December 13, 2012; Accepted January 27, 2013; Published January 29, 2013 Citation: Sabri MY, Shahrom-Salisi M, Emikpe BO (2013) Comparison Prior and Post Vaccination of Inactivated Recombinant Vaccine Against Mannheimiosis in Boer Goats Farm in Sabah. J Vaccines Vaccin 4: 173. doi:10.4172/2157- 7560.1000173 Copyright: © 2013 MY Sabri, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Comparison Prior and Post Vaccination of Inactivated Recombinant Vaccine Against Mannheimiosis in Boer Goats Farm in Sabah Sabri MY 1 *, Shahrom-Salisi M 1,2 and Emikpe BO 1,3 1 Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 2 Goats Project, Rural Development Corporation, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia 3 Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria Abstract The study was conducted to evaluate the eficacy of inactivated recombinant vaccine of Mannheimia haemolytica (MH) against naturally occurring mannheimiosis in a breeding Boer goat farm in Sabah, Malaysia. From the inception of Rural Development Corporation (RDC) farm in year 2005, the farm suffered a high incidence of mannheimiosis, one of the major caprine respiratory diseases in Malaysia. In order to reduce the incidence of the disease, the eficacy of the laboratory tested inactivated recombinant vaccine for mannheimiosis (RVM) was carried out on the farm goats. Goats more than 6-months-old were given the vaccine intranasally, followed by a booster dose on day 14, and subsequently a second booster dose was administered at 6 month interval (for two years). The data of goats that died of mannheimiosis were collected based on gross pathology and subsequent bacterial isolation to conirm the diagnosis. The effect of vaccination was evaluated by review of mortality pattern attributable to mannheimiosis during the three year study that spanned between 2006 and 2008. There was signiicant reduction of incidence and mortality attributable to mannheimiosis in RDC farm with a resultant drop in mortality rate from 10-22 death per month to 3-2 per month after vaccination also 3.71% in 2006 prior to the introduction of the vaccination regime to 0.08% after the introduction in 2008. This is clearly showed that the RVM is suitable to be use on the farm goats.