1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 9 Discovering Shared Understandings in Discourse: Prototypes and Stereotypes Masataka Yamaguchi 9.1 Introduction The cognitive linguist John R. Taylor has been a source of my inspira- tion, although my graduate training was mainly in the areas of sociolin- guistics and linguistic anthropology (e.g., Blount, 1995[1974]; Gumperz and Hymes, 1986[1972]; Wortham and Rymes, 2003). Taylor’s oeuvre (e.g., 2002, 2003[1989], 2012) has made me seriously think about meaningful connections among cognitive linguistics (CL), linguistic anthropology (LA), and cognitive anthropology (CA). 1 In particular, Taylor’s highly acclaimed Linguistic Categorization (2003[1989]) has influenced my thinking and subsequently changed my assumptions of language, culture and cognition. This chapter is an attempt to external- ize the positive changes that have been occurring in my assumptions and thoughts. In relation to the broader academic contexts, Taylor’s work has been widely read by both linguists and anthropologists. For instance, Michael Silverstein, the eminent linguistic anthropologist, refers to Taylor (2003) as a useful source of information in discussing the ‘causal theory of reference’, developed by Kripke (1972) and Putnam (1975) (Silverstein, 2005: 10–12; also see Kockelman, 2005: 247–249). Inspired by Taylor, this chapter reconsiders the notions of ‘prototype’ and ‘stereotype’ through the analysis of discourse taken from a research interview. In so doing, I explore connections among CL, LA, and CA by showing how to hypothesize ‘cultural cognitive models’ (CCMs) (Blount, this volume). By the notion of CCMs, which is a reformulation of ‘cultural models’ I refer to ‘... presupposed, taken-for-granted models of the world that are widely shared (although not necessarily to the exclusion of other, alternative models) by the members of a society and that play an enormous role in their understanding of the world and 217 9781137274816_c10_cha09.indd 217 9781137274816_c10_cha09.indd 217 6/25/2014 6:11:10 PM 6/25/2014 6:11:10 PM This file is to be used only for a purpose specified by Palgrave Macmillan, such as checking proofs, preparing an index, reviewing, endorsing or planning coursework/other institutional needs. You may store and print the file and share it with others helping you with the specified purpose, but under no circumstances may the file be distributed or otherwise made accessible to any other third parties without the express prior permission of Palgrave Macmillan. Please contact rights@palgrave.com if you have any queries regarding use of the file. PROOF