Volume 2 Chapter 10. Diptera  Marcela Skuhravá, Michel Martinez & Alain Roques Chapter 11. Lepidoptera  Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde, David Agassiz, Sylvie Augustin, Jurate De Prins, Willy De Prins, Stanislav Gomboc, Povilas Ivinskis, Ole Karsholt, Athanasios Koutroumpas, Fotini Koutroumpa, Zdeněk Laštůvka, Eduardo Marabuto, Elisenda Olivella, Lukasz Przybylowicz, Alain Roques, Nils Ryrholm, Hana Šefrová, Peter Šima, Ian Sims, Sergey Sinev, Bjarne Skulev, Rumen Tomov, Alberto Zilli & David Lees Chapter 12. Hymenoptera  Jean-Yves Rasplus, Claire Villemant, Maria Rosa Santos Paiva, Gérard Delvare & Alain Roques Chapter 13.1. Thrips (Thysanoptera)  Philippe Reynaud Chapter 13.2. Psocids (Psocoptera)  Nico Schneider Chapter 13.3. Dictyoptera (Blattodea, Isoptera), Orthoptera, Phasmatodea and Dermaptera  Jean-Yves Rasplus & Alain Roques Chapter 13.4. Lice and Fleas (Phthiraptera and Siphonaptera)  Marc Kenis & Alain Roques Chapter 13.5. Springtails and Silverfishes (Apterygota)  Jürg Zettel Chapter 14. Factsheets for 80 representative alien species  Alain Roques & David Lees (Eds) Abbreviations and glossary of technical terms used in the book  Alain Roques & David Lees Index of the latin names of the arthropod species mentioned in the book  Alain Roques & David Lees Volume 1 DAISIE and arthropod invasions in Europe  Philip E. Hulme & David B. Roy Chapter 1. Introduction  Wolfgang Nentwig & Melanie Josefsson Chapter 2. Taxonomy, time and geographic patterns  Alain Roques Chapter 3. Pathways and vectors of alien arthropods in Europe  Wolfgang Rabitsch Chapter 4. Invaded habitats  Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde, Milka Glavendekić & Maria Rosa Paiva Chapter 5. Impact of alien terrestrial arthropods in Europe  Marc Kenis & Manuela Branco Chapter 6. Future trends  Jean-Yves Rasplus Chapter 7.1. Alien terrestrial crustaceans (Isopods and Amphipods)  Pierre-Olivier Cochard, Ferenc Vilisics & Emmanuel Sechet Chapter 7.2. Myriapods (Myriapoda)  Pavel Stoev, Marzio Zapparoli, Sergei Golovatch, Henrik Enghof, Nesrine Akkari & Anthony Barber Chapter 7.3. Spiders (Araneae)  Wolfgang Nentwig & Manuel Kobelt Chapter 7.4. Mites and ticks (Acari)  Maria Navajas, Alain Migeon, Agustin Estrada-Peña, Anne-Catherine Mailleux, Pablo Servigne & Radmila Petanović Chapter 8.1. Longhorn beetles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)  Christian Cocquempot & Åke Lindelöw Chapter 8.2. Weevils and Bark Beetles (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea)  Daniel Sauvard, Manuela Branco, Ferenc Lakatos, Massimo Faccoli & Lawrence R. Kirkendall Chapter 8.3. Leaf and Seed Beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)  Ron Beenen & Alain Roques Chapter 8.4. Ladybeetles (Coccinellidae)  Helen Roy & Alain Migeon Chapter 8.5. Coleoptera families other than Cerambycidae, Curculionidae sensu lato, Chrysomelidae sensu lato and Coccinelidae  Olivier Denux & Pierre Zagatti Chapter 9.1. True bugs (Hemiptera, Heteroptera)  Wolfgang Rabitsch Chapter 9.2. Aphids (Hemiptera, Aphididae)  Armelle Cœur d’acier, Nicolas Pérez Hidalgo & Olivera Petrović-Obradović Chapter 9.3. Scales (Hemiptera, Superfamily Coccoidea)  Giuseppina Pellizzari & Jean-François Germain Chapter 9.4. Other Hemiptera Sternorrhyncha (Aleyrodidae, Phylloxeroidea, and Psylloidea) and Hemiptera Auchenorrhyncha  David Mifsud, Christian Cocquempot, Roland Mühlethaler, Mike Wilson & Jean-Claude Streito Abbreviations and glossary of technical terms used in the book  Alain Roques & David Lees Alien terrestrial arthropods of Europe Edited by Alain Roques, Marc Kenis, David Lees, Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde, Wolfgang Rabitsch, Jean-Yves Rasplus and David B. Roy 14.76 – Grapholita molesta (Busck, 1916) - Oriental fruit moth (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) Zdeněk Laštůvka Description and biological cycle: Wingspan 11–13 mm, body length 6–7 mm; small tort- ricid moth, forewing dark, greyish black, more or less distinct black transverse lines, oblique strigulae on the costa, black spots along distal margin and distinct light spot in the mid- dle of the distal half of the wing (Photo left); very similar to the native European plum fruit moth (Grapholita funebrana); reliable determination possible only after genitalic dissection; oligophagous on Prunus s.l. spp. (peach, nectarine, apricot, almond, plum, cherry), on apple (Malus), pear (Pyrus), occasionally on quince (Cydonia), medlar (Mespilus), hawthorn (Cra- taegus), loquat (Eriobotrya japonica), Cotoneaster, Eugenia and Photinia; the species develops 2–4 generations per year following climatic conditions and adults are on wing between May and October; female lies about 200 eggs during its life lasting 10–14 days; eggs are whitish, lattened, oval in shape, 0.7–0.8 mm long; they are laid usually on the leaf underside, less often on new shoots or on fruits; larva of the irst generation bores tunnels in terminal parts of young shoots; of following generations it lives usually in fruits (Photo right- frass exiting from infested fruit); mature larvae of the last generation overwinter in cocoons in crevices under bark or in the soil litter and they pupate in early spring. Native habitat (EUNIS code): G- Woodland and forest habitats and other wooded land. Habitat occupied in invaded range (EUNIS code): I1 - Arable land and market gardens; I2 - Cultivated areas of gardens and parks (fruit orchards, lines of fruit trees, fruit gardens, ornamental cultures). Native range: East Asia (China, Korean Peninsula, Japan). Introduced range: Introduced over the world mostly during the irst three decades of the 20th century. Described as new species by Busck from the introduced range (USA, Virginia) in 1916. In Europe recorded for the irst time in 1920 in Italy and France. Today present in Western, Central, Southern and Southeastern Europe (Map); not known from Poland, but very probably present, occasionally imported with fruit into more northern countries such as Great Britain, Belgium, Denmark, Sweden, Lithuania, Latvia, Byelorussia, but probably not naturalized there. Also recoreded from other temperate and partly subtropical regions of Credit: Rémi Coutin/ OPIE the world: Southwestern Asia (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, southern Kazakhstan - possibly native, Uzbekistan - possibly native), Africa (Morocco, Southern Africa), North America (USA, southern Canada – Ontario, North Mexico), southern parts of South America (Argentina, southern Brazil, Chile, Uruguay), eastern half of Australia, and New Zealand. Pathways: Mostly passive transport of cocoons on dormant fruit-tree nursery stock and in containers with fruits, or directly with infested fruits. Dispersal at a local scale is realized by active light of adults. Impact and management: he oriental fruit moth is one of the most important pests of stone and other fruit trees (especially on peaches and nectarines) causing considerable economic damage. Ecological impact is not known, but an inluence on native parasitoid abundance and their trophic chains is possible. Monitoring is possible using pheromone traps. A number of insecticides were used for chemical control during the last decades (various organophos- phates, pyrethroids, carbamates, neonicotinoids, insect growth regulators). Biological control possibilities include various kinds of bioagents tested or applied locally as granuloviruses, Bacillus thuringiensis, entomoparasitic nematodes (Steinernema and Heterorhabditis spp.); also hymenopteran (several Ichneumonidae, Pteromalidae, Trichogramma spp., etc.) and dipteran (Tachinidae) parasitoids. Mating disruption by synthetic sexual pheromones was largely used during recent years. Selected references Kyparissoudas DS (1989) Control of Cydia molesta (Busck) by mating disruption using Isomate-M pheromone dispensers in northern Greece. Entomologia Hellenica 7: 3–6. Paoli G (1922) Un lepidottero nuovo per la fauna italiana (Laspeyresia molesta Busck). Bollet- tino della Società Entomologica Italiana 54: 122–126. Edited by Alain Roques & David Lees / BioRisk 4(2): 855–1017 (2010) Factsheets for 80 representative alien species. Chapter 14 1 1 Figure 9.3.5 Ceroplastes ceriferus (Coccidae). Credit: Giuseppina Pellizzari Figure 9.3.6 Coccus hesperidum(Coccidae). Credit: Giuseppina Pellizzari feytaudi lives on Pinus pinaster and is native to the Atlantic regions of France, Spain and Portugal. It was introduced with its host plant in South-eastern France and from there spread towards Italy (Arzone and Vidano 1981). Both Aonidiella lauretorum and A. tiner- fensis are endemic to the Atlantic islands of Canary (Spain) and Madeira (Portugal). They were introduced incidentally with their host plants Figure 9.3.3 Geographic origin of the scale species alien to Europe. Figure 9.3.4 Numbers of established alien scale species in the European countries and main islands according to Table 9.3.1. Archipelago: 1 Azores 2 Madeira 3 Canary islands. Giuseppina Pellizzari & Jean-François Germain / BioRisk 4(1): 475–510 (2010) Scales (Hemiptera, Superfamily Coccoidea). Chapter 9.3 1 1 Some other alien predators which have been accidentally introduced such as Dicrodiplosis pseudococci and Epidiplosis ilifera, may be used for biological control of coccids in the future. A total of 7 alien dipterans may have a sanitary impact on human and animal health. Six of the 7 introduced species of mosquitoes in the family Culicidae are capable of transmitting diseases through female bites (Taylor et al. 2006). he most important one, Aedes albopictus, is now established along the Mediterranean coast from south eastern France to northern Greece and is the vector of Chykungunya disease as well as many arboviruses, avian plasmodia and dog heartworm ilariasis (see factsheet 14.27). Other alien culicids may be vectors of the West Nile virus ( Aedes japonicus (Schafner et al. 2009), Culex tritaeniorhynchus, C. vishnui, O. atro- palpus), Japanese encephalitis (A. japonicus, C. tritaeniorhynchus) and Sindbis virus (C. tritae- niorhynchus). In addition, a detrivorous phorid, the scuttle ly Megaselia scalaris, may be a cau- se of allergies whilst it is reported in tropical areas to cause wound and intestinal myiasis in humans (Disney 2008). Besides their measurable economic impact, some other alien dipterans may have an aesthetic impact because their oubreaks drastically changes the foliage of ornamental species in town parks and private gardens, even if the damage occurs on exotic, introduced trees. Such aes- thetic impact has been observed for three midges at least, Dasineura gleditchiae causing galls on lealets of Gleditsia triacanthos (Dini-Papanastasi and Skarmoutsos 2001), Obolodiplosis robiniae causing galls on leaf margins of Robinia pseudoacacia (Glavendekić et al. 2009, Skuhravá et al. 2007), and Contarinia quinquenotata preventing lowering of Hemerocallis fulva in gardens (Halstead and Harris 1990). References Aartsen van B (2001) Rhagoletis indiferens, een nieuwe boorvlieg voor de Nederlande fauna (Diptera: Tephritidae). Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen 14: 19–22. Ackland DM (1965) Two new british species of Anthomyiidae (Diptera) with taxonomic notes on related species. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 100: 136–144. Aczél M (1944) Die Linsenblütengallmücke (Contarinia lentis n. sp.), ein neuer Linsenschädling. Növé- nyegészségügyi Evy 1941–1943: 127–171. Adhami J (1987). Mushkonjat (Diptera: Culicidae) te Shqiperise, tribu Culicini (in Albanian). Revis- ta Mjekësore (1–2) 82–95. Adhami J, Murati N (1987) [Presence of the mosquito Aedes albopictus in Albania] (in Albanian, French summary). Revista Mjekësore1: 13–16. Aguilar, J. d‘; Martínez, M. (1979) Sur la présence en France de Liriomyza trifolii Burgess. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 84, 143–146. Ambrus B (1958) [Állatföldrajzi viszgálatok Sopron és környékének gubacsfaináján] (In Hungari- an) (Zoogeographical bearings of the gall-nuts in Sopron and its surroundings). Állattani Közle- mények 46: 159–175. Figure 10.6. Some alien midges and their damage. a Unopened and swollen lower bud (right) of Heme- rocallis fulva caused by larvae of Contarinia quinquenotata b lealets of Gleditsia triacanthos changed into galls by larvae of Dasineura gleditchiae c Leaf bud gall on Pisum sativum caused by larvae of Contarinia pisi d  Fruits of Pyrus communis heavily deformed by larvae of Contarinia pyrivora e female of Dasineura kell- neri sitting on the bud of Larix decidua and laying eggs f Swollen buds of Larix decidua capped with resin caused by larvae of Dasineura kellneri g Galls in form of indistinct shallow blisters apparent on both sides of the leaf of Buxus sempervirens, caused by larvae of Monarthropalpus lavus h Rolled leaf margins of Py- rus communis caused by galls of Dasineura pyri. a e b f c g d h Marcela Skuhravá, Michel Martinez & Alain Roques / BioRisk 4(2): 553–602 (2010) Diptera. Chapter 10 1 1 a c e g i k m b d f h j l n Figure 11.7. Adult habitus of some lepidopteran species alien in Europe: a Coleophora laricella b Coleophora spiraeella c Cameraria ohridella d Caloptilia roscipennella e Leucoptera malifoliella f Acalyptris platani g Stigmella aurella h Stigmella atricapitella i Stigmella centifoliella j Stigmella pyri k Stigmella speciosa l Stigmella suberivora mArgyresthia trifasciata; n Ectoedemia heringella. (drawings by Aleš Laštůvka). Figure 11.6. Adult habitus of some lepidopteran species alien to Europe: a Argyresthia thuiella b Parectopa robiniella c Phyllonorycter issikii winter form d Phyllonorycter issikii summer form e Phyllonorycter leucographella f Phyllonorycter platani g Phyllonorycter robiniella h Plodia inter- punctella i Tineola bisselliella j Ephestia kuehniella k Hyphantria cunea male l Hyphantria cunea female (drawings by Aleš Laštůvka). a c e g i k b d f h j l Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde et al. / BioRisk 4(2): 603–668 (2010) Lepidoptera. Chapter 11 616 617