Fax +41 61 306 12 34 E-Mail karger@karger.ch www.karger.com Original Paper Dev Neurosci 2009;31:487–496 DOI: 10.1159/000229500 Correlation of Diffusion Tensor Imaging with Histology in the Developing Human Frontal Cerebrum Richa Trivedi a Nuzhat Husain d Ram K.S. Rathore g Sona Saksena a Savita Srivastava d Gyanendra K. Malik f Vinita Das e Mandakini Pradhan b Chandra M. Pandey c Rakesh K. Gupta a Departments of a Radiodiagnosis, b Medical Genetics and c Biostatistics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, and Departments of d Pathology, e Obstetrics and Gynecology, and f Pediatrics, CSM Medical University, Lucknow, and g Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India tween FA values and percentage area of GFAP expression in fetuses ^28 weeks of GA (r = 0.56, p = 0.01). FA values showed a significant positive correlation with the percentage area of NF expression in the intermediate zone (r = 0.54, p = 0.05). A significant positive correlation was also observed between FA and the number of NSE-positive cells per mm 2 in the GMx (r = 0.76, p ! 0.01) and subplate (r = 0.59, p = 0.03) zones. The results of our study suggest that the FA can be used as non- invasive marker of neurodevelopmental events in the frontal lobe of human fetal brain. Copyright © 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel Introduction The development of the CNS is a complex and long- lasting process [1, 2] . The understanding of brain devel- opment during fetal and neonatal periods is a topic of major importance because of the preeminence of neuro- logical disorders in infants. The awesome complexity of the human brain begins after the essential external form is established by events such as neural tube formation and prosencephalic development. The events that follow are Key Words Diffusion tensor imaging Fetal brain Fractional anisotropy Immunohistochemical analysis Abstract Transient early cerebral laminar organization resulting from normal developmental events has been revealed in human beings through histology and imaging studies. DTI studies have postulated that the fractional anisotropy (FA)-based differentiation of different laminar structures reflects both differing cellular density over the glial fibers and fiber align- ment in respective regions. The aim of this study was to correlate FA values in these transient zones with histology. Brain DTI was performed on 50 freshly aborted human fe- tuses with gestational ages (GA) ranging from 12 to 42 weeks. Regions of interest were placed on the cortical plate, sub- plate, intermediate and germinal matrix (GMx) zones of the frontal lobe to quantify FA values. Glial fibrillary acidic pro- tein (GFAP), neurofilament (NF) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) immunohistochemical analyses were performed for the cortical plate, intermediate zone and GMx. In the cortical plate, a significant positive correlation was observed be- Received: September 2, 2008 Accepted after revision: May 18, 2009 Published online: July 20, 2009 Prof. Rakesh K. Gupta, MD MR Section, Department of Radiodiagnosis Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Lucknow 226014 (India) Tel. +91 522 266 8700, ext. 2599, Fax +91 522 266 8017, E-Mail rgupta@sgpgi.ac.in © 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel 0378–5866/09/0316–0487$26.00/0 Accessible online at: www.karger.com/dne