Desalination 200 (2006) 322–324
Presented at EUROMEMBRANE 2006, 24–28 September 2006, Giardini Naxos, Italy.
0011-9164/06/$– See front matter © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
UF-designed facility location protocol for a potable water
treatment in developing countries
J.M. Arnal
a
*, M. Sancho, B. García-Fayos, J. Lora, G. Verdú
Chemical and Nuclear Engineering Department, Polytechnic University of Valencia,
Camino de Vera s/n 46022 Valencia, Spain
Tel. +34-963879633; Fax +34-963877639; email: jarnala@iqn.upv.es
Received 29 October 2005; accepted 4 March 2006
1. Introduction
In developing countries, the high cost of
water treatment plants and non-easy access to
technology makes people drink water from riv-
ers and lakes. This water contains a certain
amount of virus, bacteria and other pathogenic
microorganisms, without any treatment.
Today, some 1.1 billion people worldwide
still lack safe water and 2.6 billion have no sani-
tation [1]. The worst situation is for children,
30% of them die every year from water borne
diseases spread by poor sanitation and lack of
basic hygiene awareness and 90% of them are
under 5 years of age.
In Ecuador, 30 of every 1000 children born
die before the age of 5 mainly due to preventable
causes with potable water supply [2]. One of the
main objectives in the AQUAPOT project is to
reduce the number of illnesses related to the
intake of non-drinkable water. Consequently,
AQUAPOT has designed, located and installed
three different UF-membrane facilities in the
province of Azuay (Ecuador) as a cost-effective
water supply option to obtain safe water.
2. Methods
The methodology analyses the environmen-
tal conditions where the UF facility is located
and operating.
2.1. Used technology
The potabilization units are based in the
membrane technology and resume the previous
experimental works done in AQUAPOT project
[3–5]. These works have shown that UF is a
suitable membrane technology to obtain safe
potable water from surface waters [6] and has
allowed to select the best UF membrane accord-
ing to the feed water characteristics.
To guarantee the right operating conditions,
the main objective is aimed to study and evalu-
ate the environmental conditions where the UF
facility is located.
2.2. Application protocol
The protocol that is followed for the mem-
brane technology application is summarized in
the next items. *Corresponding author.
doi:10.1016/j.desal.2006.03.322