SOJOURN: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia Vol. 27, No. 2 (2012), pp. 260–84 DOI: 10.1355/sj27-2c
© 2012 ISEAS ISSN 0217-9520 print / ISSN 1793-2858 electronic
Cross-ethnic Labour Solidarities among
Myanmar Workers in Thailand
Stephen CAMPBELL
With a prominent focus on military conflicts in Myanmar, international
media coverage has tended to emphasize the divisiveness of ethnicity
in the country. This article, by contrast, looks at interpersonal ties and
formations of solidarity amongst an ethnically and religiously diverse body
of workers from Myanmar, now residing in Thailand. Drawing on in-depth
interviews conducted with Myanmar workers, the central argument of
this article is that shared socio-economic grievances have served as
salient bases of cohesion and collective action within this multi-ethnic,
multi-religious migrant labour context.
Keywords: Myanmar workers, Thailand, migrant labour, ethnicity, class
Delivering his inaugural address to Myanmar’s new parliament in
March 2011, President U Thein Sein decried the “racism” fuelling
decades of armed conflict in the country. These conflicts — involving
the Burman-majority state military and a host of non-Burman ethnic
opposition groups — have, he pointed out, brought a “hell of untold
miseries” upon the people of Myanmar. These are conflicts that
have received extensive academic and journalistic coverage (Smith
1999; Lintner 1999; South 2008; Kramer 2009). Yet, by focusing
primarily on ethnic armed opposition movements, such coverage
has inevitably given prominence to the divisiveness of ethnicity
in Myanmar.
Taking an alternative conceptual approach, a handful of scholars
have remained critical of analyses that overemphasize the salience of
ethnicity in day-to-day social relations amongst Myanmar’s population