PERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY 2014, 00, 1–41 ARE TELECOMMUTERS REMOTELY GOOD CITIZENS? UNPACKING TELECOMMUTING’S EFFECTS ON PERFORMANCE VIA I-DEALS AND JOB RESOURCES RAVI S. GAJENDRAN University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign DAVID A. HARRISON The University of Texas at Austin KELLY DELANEY-KLINGER University of Wisconsin-Whitewater Despite their widespread adoption, concerns remain that virtual work arrangements can harm employee job performance and citizenship be- havior. Does telecommuting really hamper these critical dimensions of employee effectiveness? To answer this question, we develop a theo- retical framework linking telecommuting to task and contextual per- formance via a dual set of mechanisms—reflecting proposed effects of i-deals and job resources. Further, we propose that the meaning of and outcomes from these paths depend on the social context surrounding telecommuting. We test the framework with field data from 323 em- ployees and 143 matched supervisors across a variety of organizations. As predicted, we find that telecommuting is positively associated with task and contextual performance, directly and indirectly via perceived autonomy. These beneficial effects are contingent upon two aspects of the social context: leader-member exchange and signals of its normative appropriateness among coworkers and one’s supervisor. “Speed and quality are often sacrificed when we work from home. . . . Beginning in June, we’re asking all employees with work-from-home arrangements to work in Yahoo! Offices”—Jackie Reses, Yahoo’s HR Head in a leaked memo (Swisher, 2013; italics added for emphasis) We would like to thank Subra Tangirala, Greg Northcraft, Jayashree Ravi, members of the SPO Brownbag and LER speaker series at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and members of the ORG group at Pennsylvania State University for their helpful advice and comments on earlier versions of this paper. This research also benefitted from advice and feedback from faculty at the Indian School of Business (ISB) during Ravi Gajendran’s visit as an ISB Visiting Scholar. Correspondence and requests for reprints should be addressed to Ravi Gajendran, Uni- versity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 487 Wohlers Hall, 1206 South Sixth Street, Cham- paign, IL 61820; dr.ravigajendran@gmail.com. C  2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. doi: 10.1111/peps.12082 1