Teaching English in Ghanaian Schools: Where is the Grammar?
John Kumah Quagie
1
and Ernest Kwesi Klu
2*
and L. M. P. Mulaudzi
2#
1
School of Informatics, Ghana Telecom University College
E-mail: jkumah@gtuc.edu.gh
2
English Department, University of Venda, South Africa
E-mail:
*
asongkwesi@gmail.com,
#
Lindiwe.mulaudzi@univen.ac.za
KEYWORDS Grammar. Second Language. Teaching. Concord. Textual Analysis
ABSTRACT This paper argues that the grammar of English as a second language should be taught in English second language
classrooms so that some complex grammatical issues such as students’ poor knowledge about word classes, subject-verb agreement
– concord, mechanics of writing, confusion with the use of the relative clause, challenges with modifiers, etc. which persistently
inundate students’ essays can be ameliorated. Textual analysis approach is used to analyse grammatical structures from selected
Ghanaian newspapers - Daily Graphic and The Daily Guide, students’ manuscripts and other sources to arrive at the findings,
which support the need for the teaching of English grammar in Ghanaian schools. In addition, the paper seeks to argue that until
the challenges as mentioned above are dealt with in English grammar as a second language, both students and teachers, especially
in Ghanaian schools, cannot be comfortable with the use of the language. As a recommendation, the paper suggests that
experienced teachers of English should be employed by school authorities to teach the subject at all levels of education. In
addition, the paper recommends that English second language curriculum planners should make adequate provision for good
textbooks for students and teachers.
*
Corresponding author:
Dr. E. K. Klu
INTRODUCTION
Although English is an official language in
Ghana, its teaching and learning often pose
some challenges to both teachers and students
in schools, colleges and even universities. Stud-
ies have however revealed that the challenges
posed by the use of English as second language
in Ghana is as a result of how the language is
taught and learned at all levels of education in
the country. For example, studies have revealed
that that some teachers of English as a second
language do not have the requisite training or
qualification before teaching the subject in some
schools, colleges and even universities in Ghana
(Afful 2007). For this reason, certain aspects of
the English second language, such as grammar,
is often relegated in the English second language
classroom. Indeed, our experiences over the
years as teachers and lecturers of English sec-
ond language have revealed that some teachers
of English second language often shirk the re-
sponsibility of teaching English grammar, which
is the core of the language. It is in an attempt to
salvage some of these challenges pertaining to
the teaching and learning of the grammar of
English second language that we intend to ad-
vance arguments in this paper for English Sec-
ond Language teachers to seriously intensify, the
teaching and learning of grammar of English
second language, especially in Ghanaian schools
and elsewhere.
Statement of the Problem
A group of students who were interviewed at
the University of Cape Town, (UCT) South Af-
rica in 1995 as to what they thought about the
teaching and learning of English grammar as a
second language said, ‘… Good academic work
is characterized by good style of grammar espe-
cially in arts and sciences…’ (Angelil-Carter
1998:53). Indeed, their response underscores the
important role of English grammar in academia.
Notwithstanding the challenges the teaching of
English grammar as a second language poses
to both teachers and students in schools, col-
leges and even universities, not much effort has
been made by teachers and students to curtail
the recurrence of some of these problems. Ironi-
cally, some schools of thought have argued that
English grammar as first, second or even third
language should not be taught in English sec-
ond language classrooms because its teaching
does not help students, but rather confuse them
since there are many rules to be learnt by stu-
dents. In particular, Krashen (1982) and Prabu
(1987) are of the view that students become natu-
rally good speakers of a target language – En-
glish Language, on their own than when they
are taught by somebody or when it is learned
from somebody. In contrast to the views ex-
© Kamla-Raj 2013 Int J Edu Sci, 5(3): 263-270 (2013)