Columbia Project: Use of Software to Achieve Competitive Advantage AUTOMOBILES: TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION Gaining and Sustaining Long-term Advantage Through Information Technology Case Prepared By William V. Rapp Co-Principal Investigator The College of International Relations Ritsumeikan University Kyoto, Japan 914-945-0630 (Fax: 914-923-1416; 011-81-75-466-1214) E-mail: william.rapp@aya.yale.edu April 2000