1 23 Water Quality, Exposure and Health ISSN 1876-1658 Water Qual Expo Health DOI 10.1007/s12403-014-0117-7 Statistical Approach in Determining the Spatial Changes of Surface Water Quality at the Upper Course of Kano River, Nigeria Adamu Mustapha, Ahmad Zaharin Aris, Fatimah Md. Yusoff, Mohamad Pauzi Zakaria, Mohammad Firuz Ramli, Ahmad Makmom Abdullah, et al.