i ELMS Educational Leadership and Management Studies Volume 33 Number 1 September 2014 FOUNDING EDITORS: Dr. Frederick Ebot Ashu Dr. Agbor Ntui Michael, Deputy Direct, ENSET Kumba Dr. Alan Woodgett, Academic Editors REVIEWS EDITOR: Wirsy Heding Mufer, National Inspector, Cameroon Minis- try of Basic Education INTERNATIONAL EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD: Professor Therese Mungah Shalo Tchombe, Emeritus Professor & Honorary Dean UNESCO Chair for Special Needs Education, University of Buea Faculty of Education Dr. Petros Pashiardis, Professor of Educational Leadership, Director, Center for Research and Training in Educational Leadership and Policy (CERTELP), Open University of Cyprus Ray K. Auala, Professor of Educational Leadership, Univer- sity of Namibia, PO Box 13301, 340 Mandume Ndemufayo Avenue, Windhoek, Pioneerspark, Namibia Professor Uche G. Emetarom, Department of Education and Administration and Planning, Abia State University, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria Dr. Tony Bush, Professor of Educational Leadership, Faculty of Social Sciences, the University of Nottingham. Editor of the BELMAS journal, Educational Management, Adminis- tration and Leadership (EMAL) and a Vice-President of the Society. Dr Tom Bisschof, School of Education School of Education, University of Birmingham Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom LIST OF EXECUTIVE MEMBERS OF THE CAMEROON COUNCIL OF EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT SOCIETY 1. Mr. Ashu Ebot James-President 2. Lawyer John Ayuk Egbe-Secretary General 3. Mr. Bernard Tame Azie -Financial Secretary 4. Dr. Ebot Frederick-Treasurer 5. Wirsy Heding Mufer-Adviser Educational Leadership and Management Studies (ELMS) is published online and in print two times a year (April, September) in the United Kingdom by CAASS UK on behalf of the Cameroon Council for Educational Leadership and Management Society (CCELMS) Provisional schedule for ELMS 2014 publication release: Vol. 33 No. 1, No. 2 (September, 2014) Vol. 34 No. 1, No. 2 (April, September, 2015) Vol. 35 No. 1, No. 2 (April, September, 2016) Annual subscription rates including postage: Institutional rate (combined print and electronic) CFA55,000/£69/US$113/EUR83; Individual rate (print only) CFA 16,000/£20/US$33/EUR24. Student rate (Electronic only) Free. Electronic only subscriptions are available for students and charitable institutions with less than £5000 per annum. Note VAT is applicable at the appropriate local rate. Visit http://www.ccelms.org for more details. Payment of fees: Fees may be paid by cheque, by BACS or collected by direct debit to CCELMS. *Please note that you are only able to pay by direct debit if you have a bank account. Copyright @ 2014 CCELMS. This publication is copyright of CCELMS. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as deined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modiied by any successor legislation. Apart from fair dealing for the pur- pose of research or private study, or criticism or review, and only as permitted under the Copyright Designs and Patents Act, 1988, this publications may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the pri- or permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction, in accordance with the terms of licenses issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Any use made of information contained in this publication must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. For information on rates for CCELMS members contact: The CCELMS Oice, email address; info@caassuk.org. Interna- tional Oice: 82 Finchley Road, Kingstanding, Birmingham, B44 0JH, United Kingdom. For advertising rates please email info@caassuk.org Once articles have been published in ELMS authors are free to use them elsewhere without permission from CCELMS or the publisher, provided that acknowledgement is given to ELMS as the journal of original source of publication. Designed By Jen McCleary Art & Design. Printed and Bound by CAASS UK.