Copyright © 2010 by The International Association for Environmental Philosophy.
Printed in the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Environmental Philosophy 7 (1), 27–46.
Turn Around and Step Forward:
Ideology and Utopia in the
Environmental Movement
Brian Treanor
Philosophy Department, Loyola Marymount University, One LMU Drive, Los
Angeles, CA 90045; btreanor@lmu.edu
Insuficiently radical environmentalism is inadequate to the problems
that confront us; but overly radical environmentalism risks alienating
people with whom, in a democracy, we must ind common cause.
Building on Paul Ricoeur’s work, which shows how group identity
is constituted by the tension between ideology and utopia, this essay
asks just how radical effective environmentalism should be. Two “case
studies” of environmental agenda—that of Michael Schellenberger and
Ted Nordhaus, and that of David Brower—serve to frame the important
issues of cooperation and confrontation. The essay concludes that
environmentalism must lead with its utopian aspirations rather than its
willingness to compromise.
The only thing that will redeem mankind is cooperation�
—Bertrand Russell
I was not always unreasonable, and I am sorry for that�
—David Brower
Introduction
There are good reasons to hope that we are in the midst of a paradigm shift
in the public perception of environmental crises�
1
Anthropogenic climate
change, once a hotly debated hypothesis, is now generally accepted as a reality
demanding immediate attention thanks to the persistence of good scientists
and their public spokespersons (Bill McKibben, Al Gore and others) There is
growing awareness of and concern about peak oil, thanks to a brief encounter
with ive dollar per gallon gasoline in the United States, oil wars in the Middle
1� The author would like to thank Dr� Gitty Amini, as well as two very helpful anony-
mous reviewers, whose comments on an earlier draft of this essay improved it im-
mensely�