JIAMSE © IAMSE 2004 Volume 14 # 34
A Collaborative Strategy for Reciprocal Integration of
Basic and Clinical Sciences
Edmund H. Duthie, Jr., M.D.
1
, Deborah Simpson, Ph.D.
2
, Karen Marcdante, M.D.
2
,
Diana Kerwin, M.D.
1
, Kathryn Denson, M.D.
1
, and Mary Cohan, M.D.
1
1
Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics / Gerontology
Medical College of Wisconsin
VAMC -Milwaukee (CC-G)
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53295 U.S.A.
2
Office of Educational Services
Medical College of Wisconsin
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226 U.S.A.
Phone: (+)1-414-384-2000 x 42775 Fax: (+)1-414- 382-5376 Email: eduthie@mcw.edu
ABSTRACT
Geriatric patient cases are ideal for use by basic science educators who seek to link key principles and concepts with clinical
medicine. However, access to geriatric educators and geriatric patients able to highlight the evolution of a particular
disease/condition, limits the basic science educator’s ability to easily incorporate clinical cases into their teaching. To address
this resource limitation, we developed five core geriatric clinical cases, each portraying a patient who ages over time, for
repeated use in multiple courses/clerkships across the four-year medical student curriculum. In this article, we describe the
process involved in designing the cases with illustrative examples of their use in selected basic science courses. Guided by
John Kotter’s change process, the project team sponsored a series of invitational workshops composed of basic science and
clinical educators whose expertise was related to the patient under review. At each workshop, an abstracted patient record was
presented (e.g., longitudinal history, physical exam, laboratory data, and diagnostic images), and participants modified the case
to better highlight teaching points associated with their respective courses/clerkships. Each updated case was then circulated to
all workshop attendees, and other educators across the curriculum, for incorporation into their instruction. The flexibility of
each case enables faculty to use the case(s) in varied settings (e.g., lectures, problem based learning groups, labs) matched to
the objectives, resulting in students having a longitudinal experience with five geriatric patients and their diseases. The cases
continue to be incorporated into the curriculum with students reinforcing the value of their inclusion as they follow the
patient’s diabetes and its progression through biochemistry, physiology, surgery and medicine. In summary, Kotter’s change
steps effectively guided the project team and can serve as a model for educators seeking to enhance reciprocal integration of
basic and clinical sciences.
INTRODUCTION
Basic science educators have sought to link the principles
and concepts of their disciplines with clinical medicine by
implementing multiple basic science curriculum structures
(e.g., organ-based, discipline-based, key features/problems)
and formats (e.g., problem-based learning, clinical
correlations, simulations, lectures, laboratories). Yet, only
12% of the 2003 graduating seniors surveyed via the
Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) Senior
Graduation Questionnaire
1
strongly agreed that basic science
content had sufficient illustrations of clinical relevance and
provided relevant preparation for their clerkships.
Simultaneously, clinical educators struggle to facilitate the
incorporation of specific topics or populations into the
curriculum. For example, because geriatric patients are a
critical population in medicine, Dr. Robert N. Butler, the
first Director of the National Institutes on Aging, was an
early advocate for the exposing medical students to geriatric
medicine topics and clinical concepts throughout the medical
school curriculum.
1
With funding awarded through
AAMC/John T. Hartford Foundation, over 40 U.S. medical
schools have introduced geriatrics educational initiatives
spanning all four years of the curriculum.
The opportunity to integrate clinical geriatrics and basic
science is readily apparent as 85% of geriatric patients have
at least one chronic illness, most commonly arthritis,