MICROCONTROLLER SERVOMOTOR FOR MAXIMUM EFFECTIVE POWER POINT FOR SOLAR CELL SYSTEM Dr. Mohammed Majid Mohammed Al-Khalidy Assit. Professor Email: drenmoh@yahoo.com Dr. Osama Yaseen M. AL-Rawi Assit. Professor Email: oym.rawi@yahoo.com Dr. Noaman M. Noaman Assoc. Professor Email: noaman961@ gmail.com Gulf University Electrical and Electronics Engineering College Kingdom of Bahrain ABSTRACT In this paper a Maximum Power point (MPP) tracking algorithm is developed using dual-axis servomotor feedback tracking control system. An efficient and accurate servomotor system is used to increase the system efficiency and reduces the solar cell system coast. The proposed automatic servo control system based on PIC microcontroller which is used to control the photovoltaic (PV) modules. This servo system will track the sun rays in order to get MPP during the day using direct radiation. A photo cell is used to sense the direct sun radiation and feedback a signal to the PIC microcontroller, and then the decisions are made through the microcontroller and send a command to the servomotor system to achieve maximum power generation. The proposed system is demonstrated through simulation results. Finally, using the proposed system based on PIC microcontroller, the system will be more efficient, minimum cost, and maximum power transfer is obtained. 1. INTRODUCTION Many researches were conducted to develop some methods to increase the efficiency of Photovoltaic systems (solar panels). The PV generator exhibits a nonlinear Volte- Amper characteristic, and its maximum power point (MPP) varies with the solar insolation and temperature [1-3]. At a particular solar insolation, there is a unique operating point of the PV generator in which its power output will be in maximum. Therefore, for maximum utilization efficiency, it is necessary to match the PV generator to the load such that the equilibrium operating point coincides with the MPP of the PV source [3]. However, since the MPP varies with insolation and seasons, it is difficult to maintain MPP operation at all solar isolations. To overcome this problem, a microcontroller servomotor system will be used to obtain maximum peak power tracking point is developed in this paper. During the day there is a big variation of the solar cells power especially in the first six hours and last five hours of the day. For this reason it is desired to increase the cell panel in order to increase the power. So that, the system cost will be increased [4]. The output power produced by high- concentration solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) systems is directly related to the amount of solar energy acquired by the system, and it is therefore necessary to track the sun’s position with a high degree of accuracy. The photovoltaic modules work by converting sunlight directly into electricity as illustrated in Figure 1.[3]. Figure 1. Simple PV System Diagram The problem is that the Sun constantly moves being related to the static PV module. Actually, the apparent motion of the Sun is due, to the Earth’s motion, but for our purpose here this celestial fact is mere trivia. The daily motion from East to West is called the solar azimuth. The apparent height of the Sun in the sky also changes it self being related to the change of the season from winter to summer. The yearly North to South solar motion is called solar declination [5, 6]. The Dual-axis positioning systems use both East-West and South-North axes for positioning the solar panel [6]. During a year, the dual axis system will produce the most amount of power, because one can fallow the changing of the Sun trajectory every season. At the same time, this structure is more expensive than the single-axis positioning systems, and it is more complicated for being designed, constructed and maintained [4]. The closed-loop system is the based on control for sun