Abstract
This paper introduces a new equipment, which allows
autonomous landing and docking of a VTOL aircraft and any
mobile system. It has been studied and developed inside the
MAAT (Multibody Advanced Airship for Transport) EU FP7
project to control autonomous docking of manned cruiser and
feeder airships in movement. After a detailed analysis it has
been veriied that It could be considered a technological spin
off the MAAT project. It deines a new instrumental system for
governing relative positioning between a movable target and
VTOL air vehicles, such as helicopters, airships and multi-
copters. This solution is expected to become a short time to
market equipment for helicopters (both manned and
unmanned) ensuring autonomous landing ability even in case
of low visibility. Infrared emitters allow controlling both position
and yaws angle. It is in advanced testing phase after a
preliminary successful testing using a quadcopter. Tests has
produced autonomous landing on a small platform mounted on
an unmanned vehicle. In some experiments also landing on a
target in movement has performed. The proposed solution is
an alternative to more sophisticated vision based controls. It
ensures high affordability, high simplicity and low costs. In
addition, this concept can equip any ixed and mobile platform
and open the novel scenario for autonomous scout vehicles
equipped by UAVs.
Introduction
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles are necessary for various missions
where human intervention is impossible, risky or expensive (i.e.
recovery of hazardous material, trafic monitoring, disaster
relief support etc). UAVs are expanding the range of
applications in an increasing number of ields and applications.
They relates monitoring and surveillance, but also supporting
civil protection operations in case of disaster, and TLCs.
MAAT Project (acronym of Multibody Advanced Airship for
Transport) is an EU inanced project aiming to design a feeder
airship [1, 2]. One of the most important activities regards the
study of autonomous joint operations between cruiser and
feeder [3]. It required an effective preliminary study on different
methods to ensure an autonomous docking of the cruiser and
feeder.
This study has started by an effective analysis of directions
through autonomous landing systems. Most of the effort of
today academic and industrial research focuses on image
recognition technologies. They use differential GPS and
cameras to ensure landing or docking with the necessary
accuracy. These systems have tested with some degree of
success, but they present some disadvantages including setup
dificulties.
The nature of landing makes it suitable for vision-based state
estimation and control. The vision problem is a special case of
the ego-motion problem where the feature points lay on a
plane (i.e. a landing pad) [4]. The helicopter needs to locate,
recognize a landing pad, align with it and land on it
autonomously.
Vision-based robot control is still an active topic of research.
Several vision-based techniques have studied for autonomous
control of helicopters. An interesting project has produced by
Sinopoli [5]. Amidi and others [6] have presented visual
odometers for controlling light operations of a UAV. Ma and
others [7] has analyzed the problem of vision-guided navigation
of robotic systems. For a nonholonomic mobile robot, Lazanas
and Latombe [8] has considered the opportunity of deining a
landmark based recognition system.
Hutchison [9] has presented the general architecture of a
robotic system. Sharp and others [10] has realized a real time
computer vision system capable of tracking a landing target
Infrared Piloted Autonomous Landing: System Design
and Experimental Evaluation
2014-01-2196
Published 09/16/2014
Massimo Conte
Aerosekur
Michele Trancossi
Universita di Modena e Reggio Emilia
CITATION: Conte, M. and Trancossi, M., "Infrared Piloted Autonomous Landing: System Design and Experimental
Evaluation," SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-2196, 2014, doi:10.4271/2014-01-2196.
Copyright © 2014 SAE International
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