10.1177/0272431603260920 ARTICLE JOURNAL OF EARLY ADOLESCENCE / February 2004 Hennighausen et al. / EGO DEVELOPMENT
Adolescent Ego-Development Trajectories
and Young Adult Relationship Outcomes
Katherine H. Hennighausen
Stuart T. Hauser
Harvard Medical School
Rebecca L. Billings
Judge Baker Children’s Center
Lynn Hickey Schultz
Harvard University
Joseph P. Allen
University of Virginia
Adolescent ego-development trajectories were related to close-relationship outcomes in
young adulthood. An adolescent sample completed annual measures of ego development
from ages 14 through 17. The authors theoretically determined and empirically traced
five ego-development trajectories reflecting stability or change. At age 25, the sample
completed a close-relationship interview and consented for two peers to rate the partici-
pants’ego resiliency and hostility. Participants who followed the profound-arrest trajec-
tory in adolescence reported more mundane sharing of experiences, more impulsive or
egocentric conflict-resolution tactics, and less mature interpersonal understanding in
their young adult relationships, and their young adult peers described these participants
as more hostile. Participants who attained or maintained higher levels of ego develop-
ment in adolescence reported more complex sharing of experiences, more collaborative
conflict-resolution strategies, and greater interpersonal understanding, and their young
adult peers rated them as less hostile and as more flexible.
Keywords: ego development; close relationships; longitudinal research
In Loevinger’s model of ego development, as children develop into adoles-
cents and adults, they can hold increasingly complex orientations to the self
and to the interpersonal world (Loevinger 1976, 1993). These orientations
29
This study was funded by grants from the National Institute of Mental Health to Stuart T. Hauser (NO. R01
MH44934-03) and to Katherine H. Hennighausen (No. T32 MH 016259).
Journal of Early Adolescence, Vol. 24 No. 1, February 2004 29-44
DOI: 10.1177/0272431603260920
© 2004 Sage Publications