International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 4, Issue 10, October 2014 1 ISSN 2250-3153 www.ijsrp.org Correlation of Carrying Angle of the Elbow in Full Extension and Hip-Circumference in Adolescents of Nnewi People in Anambra State. Chinweife K. C, Ejimofor O. C and Ezejindu D.N. Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus. Anambra state, Nigeria. Abstract- The carrying Angle of the elbow is the measurement of varus-valgus angulation of the arm with the elbow fully supinated. This study was aimed at correlating the relationship between carrying angle, waist circumference and hip circumference and the relationship between that of the males and females carrying angle in adolescent Nnewi people. The carrying angles of 900 Nnewi adolescents were measured, 411 were females and 489 were males. The age range of the subjects was between the ages of 10 to 19 years. The carrying angle was measured on both upper limbs with goniometer. Hip and Waist circumference was measured using butterfly tape in inches. The result of this present study shows that right carrying angle and left carrying angle were significantly higher in females (right 13.82±1.65 and left 12.55± 1.76) than that of the males ( right 12.30±1.88, left 10.99±1.87). The carrying angle also increases with age. The waist-hip ratio of the male (0.82±0.06) is significantly higher than that of the females (0.77±0.06) at the level of 0.05. The right and the left carrying angles correlate significantly with the waist circumference in both gender while the right and left carrying angles correlate significantly with hip circumference in the males but do not correlate significantly in the females. Index Terms- Carrying Angle, hip circumference, waist circumference, correlation, adolescent and Nnewi. I. INTRODUCTION 1.1. BACKGROUND OF STUDY he carrying angle of the elbow is the measurement of varus- valgus angulation of the arm with the elbow fully supinated (Erhan et al 2005). The intersection of the line along the mid-axis of the upper arm and the line along the mid-axis of the forearm defines this angle. The 'carrying angle' is caused partly by projection of the medial trochlear edge 6 mm beyond its lateral edge and partly by the obliquity of the superior articular surface of the coronoid, which is not orthogonal to the shaft of the ulna. Tilt of the humeral and ulnar articular surfaces is approximately equal; hence the carrying angle disappears in full flexion, the two bones reaching the same plane. When the adducted arm is flexed the little finger meets the clavicle, because of the position of the resting humerus; when the humerus is rotated laterally, the hand reaches the front of the shoulder (Standring et al 2005). Till date, the role of carrying angle in sex determination and its cause of formation is a long debated issue in Anatomy and Anthropology. Knowledge of the carrying angle helps in the management of pediatric elbow injuries (Balasubramanian et al 2006), for correction of albitus varus deformity occurring after malunited supracondylar fractures of the humerus (Ruparella et al 2010) and for elbow disorders that require reconstruction. Some workers have reported greater carrying angle for the dominant upper limb (Takenmez et al 2004) and established a relationship with the height of an individual and the intertrochanteric distance (Paraskevas et al 2004). While some other workers refute these facts (Balasubramanian et al 2006; Zampagni et al 2008). Khare et al 1999 argued that the carrying angle is not related to the width of the pelvis and is not a secondary sex character as previously believed. Subsequently, other researchers (Mall 1905 and Tukenmez et al 2004) have all shown the mean female carrying angle to be significantly greater than that of the male. Anthropometric measurements are a set of non-invasive, quantitative techniques which are comparative in nature (Standring et al 2005), coined by the French naturalist George Cuvier (1769-1832) and were used by Physical Anthropologists in their study of human variability among human races and for comparison of Human to other Primates (Roberts 2006). Different Anthropometric measures or ways of taking Anthropometric measurements exist. These include; height, weight, length, head circumference, chest circumference, waist circumference, hip circumference, percentage of body fat etc. Anthropometric measurements are used in a remarkably wide variety of scientific and technical fields ranging from genetics and nutrition to forensics and industrial designs. Over the years engineers, designers, architects etc. have increasingly recognized the need for anthropometric measurements and have also incorporated it into their field of practice. II. MATERIALS AND METHOD 2.1 Scope of study This study was delimited to apparently healthy male and female in secondary schools adolescents aged 10 – 19 years in Nnewi with no history or current sign of musculoskeletal injuries in the upper limbs or hip. Cases of cubitus valgus and varus was noted. The parameters measured include; carrying angle, hip circumference and waist circumference. 2.2 Population of Study The data were collected from Nnewi indigenes, who are males or female Adolescent (10 – 19 year) and whose father is an indigene of Nnewi. The study was carried out in St. Joseph’s secondary school, St. Philip’s secondary school, Nneoma memorial secondary school, Okongwu memorial secondary T