Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 2014, 6, 1259-1267
Published Online October 2014 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/jwarp
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2014.614115
How to cite this paper: Tiruneh, A.T. (2014) A Grey Water Dam Design for the Treatment and Reuse of Grey Water from
Single and Multiple Households. Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 6, 1259-1267.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2014.614115
A Grey Water Dam Design for the Treatment
and Reuse of Grey Water from Single and
Multiple Households
Ababu Teklemariam Tiruneh
Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Swaziland, Kwaluseni, Swaziland
Email: atiruneh@uniswa.sz
Received 25 August 2014; revised 21 September 2014; accepted 6 October 2014
Copyright © 2014 by author and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Abstract
An innovative design for the treatment and reuse of grey water is presented in the form of a grey
water dam which is an outgrowth of the vertical grey water tower. A hydraulic equation has been
formulated and is presented in this paper which is used to determine the seepage path within the
grey water dam, and determine the dimensions of the dam components. The hydraulic equation
model also helps in avoiding soil piping problems by keeping the phreatic line within the grey wa-
ter dam. Vegetables are planted around the surface of the dam as a reuse option while helping re-
cycling of water in the form of evapotranspiration. A successful pilot trial of this dam was run in
Mnyamatsini area in Swaziland which can accept grey water from multiple households.
Keywords
Grey Water, Water Reuse, Water Recycling, Wastewater Treatment, Pollution, Environmental
Protection
1. Introduction
Water scarcity is a pressing problem being faced all over the world that prompted the need for conservation of
water including the use of grey water [1]. Grey water is part of the wastewater generated from household water
using activities including bathing, hand basins, washing machines, dish washing, laundry and kitchen [2]. Grey
water does not include water from toilets. Grey water volume is often high (accounts for 50% - 80% of the water
volume) and is less polluted. It is, therefore, considered as a potential source for water reuse option [3]-[6].
Reuse of grey water is being practiced in many countries because of the need for water saving and as a way of
management to reduce transport of pollution to other areas. Water savings ranging from 10% - 80% have been