© W. S. Maney & Son Ltd 2014 DOI 10.1179/1756750514Z.00000000060
the historic environment, Vol. 5 No. 3, November 2014, 245–57
Constructing Archaeology:
The Application of Construction
Management Practices to Commercial
Archaeology in Britain
Michael Heaton
Self-employed archaeologist, UK
This paper compares contractual practices and resultant financial profits in
commercial archaeology in the UK with those of the construction industry.
It argues that, until archaeologists adopt or emulate those practices, they
will be unable to afford the training they need or the intellectual gratification
and public engagement they desire, and suggests simple objectives by which
that aim might be realised. It is based on the author’s (almost) 30 years’
experience in commercial archaeology and recent studies in construction
management. It builds on a paper given at the Institute for Archaeologists
(IfA) Conference in 2008, a precis of which was published in The Archaeolo-
gist (2007), and a seminar held at the University of the West of England in
June 2014.
keywords contract law and management, risk management, professional
training, commercial archaeology
Introduction
Uncertainty of financial outcome is the main impediment to successful commercial
archaeology in Britain and it arises, primarily, from the simplistic forms of contract
accepted by archaeological contractors. For, without predictable levels of profit,
1
it
is impossible for contractors to invest in the training they need and the intellectual
gratification and public engagement the subject warrants.
2,3
The construction indus-
try, of which we have been an integral part since the late 1980s, operates on the basis
of predictable financial returns and has developed contract law and management
practices to facilitate those returns, of which those specific to environmental and
civil engineering are immediately applicable to archaeology. This paper argues that,
until archaeologists understand and adopt or emulate those practices, we will not
enjoy the financial, intellectual, and educational opportunities presented by Planning