VEHICLE-TO-VEHICLE COMMUNICATION ENHANCED BY COGNITVE APPROACH AND MULTI-RADIO TECHNOLOGIES Faisal Riaz 1 , Imran Shafi 1 , Syed Faraz Hasan 2 , Waseem Younas 1 , Yasir Mehmood 3 1 Department of Electronics Engineering, Iqra University Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan 2 School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Republic of Korea 3 Department of Computer Sciences & IT, Mirpur University of Science & Technology, Mirpur (A.K), Pakistan fazi_ajku@yahoo.com, imranshafi@iqraisb.edu.pk, faraz@skku.edu, waseem15559@yahoo.com, yasir.mehmood@nu.edu.pk Abstract—According to the report of world health organization (WHO), about 1.27 million people lost their lives in 2009 due to the road accidents and it was the ninth foremost reason of deaths. The vehicle–to-vehicle communication system (V2V) is one of the solutions to dwindle the accident ratios. The existing V2Vs are fixed based on single radio and are inept and erratic especially in the hilly areas due to low SNR and partial coverage. Their performance is degraded in the metropolitans due to crowded population and over-burdened traffic routes. Keeping above disadvantages in mind, multi-radio access technologies (GSM/GPRS, CDMA, Wi-Fi) based V2V using cognitive radio framework has been proposed in this paper. The scheme introduces an in-vehicle cognitive radio site with the propensities of spectrum sensing, spectrum decision and spectrum mobility. Investigational results reveal that the proposed solution does not overtax the existing networks in affected area and vehicles remain aware of other vehicles even in low SNR by single radio technology and partial coverage areas. Keywords—Cognitive Radio, Multi-Radio Access Technology, Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication I. INTRODUCTION According to a report of world health organization (WHO), due to road accidents 1.27 million people lose their lives in 2009 and it is the ninth foremost reason of deaths [1]. Nowadays vehicles are being outfitted with on-board- units and smart applications for better road management and passengers protection. Smart applications in vehicles need to exchange specific information like speed, heading and direction among neighbouring vehicles using intervallic broad cast mechanism [2]. The aforesaid communication among vehicles is known as Vehicle-to- Vehicle (V2V) communication. V2V is an associate part of Intelligent Transportation System [3]. In the most recent ten years vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to- infrastructure (V2I) has got mammoth intention of researchers [4-7]. There are six wireless radio access technologies (RATs) which can be used as a contender for the deployment of V2V. These six technologies are GSM/GPRS/EDGE, CDMA, WiMaX, LTE, and unlicensed band Wi-Fi (2.4 GHz) [8]. The existing V2V systems are fixed/single radio based and they defeat their performance and reliability due to the loss of signals in hilly areas due to partial coverage and over-burdened traffic routes due to crowded population and non- availability of spectrum. It is reported by various regulatory agencies around the world that around 35 to 70 percent spectrum space is gone wasted [9]. Recently cognitive radio technology has introduced revolutionary changes in the field of telecommunication and has been proven as the best solution to trounce the issue of bandwidth scarcity using its opportunistic spectrum access method [10, 11]. Its main features are spectrum sensing, spectrum management, spectrum mobility and spectrum sharing [12]. Keeping these advantages in mind, an intelligent V2V system based on Multi-RAT using cognitive radio framework is proposed to improve the effectiveness and steadfastness of V2V systems. The proposed V2V system introduces four modules as part of a cognitive module that includes scanner, sensor, optimizer and shifter modules. The scanner module performs scanning of the Multi-RAT to include GSM/GPRS, CDMA, WiMAX and unlicensed band IEEE 802.11 g/n. II. RELATED WORK AND LITERATURE REVIEW In the year of 1999 seven 10 MHz dedicated channels were allocated in the range of 5.9 GHz spectrum for the implementation of vehicular ad-hoc network [13].