Emphatic Lines Surface structuring based on Walter Crane's pattern making methods Daniel Baerlecken 1 , Sabri Gokmen 2 1,2 Georgia Institute of Technology 1 daniel.baerlecken@coa.gatech.edu 2 sabrigokmen@gatech.edu The paper introduces a method for structuring and ornamenting double-curved geometry, which is developed through the lens of Walter Crane. Crane's method for pattern making is based on underlying scaffolds and infill patterns for two dimensional surfaces. The presented research uses his method and applies it through digitals means to three dimensional surfaces. The scaffold is used to solve the problem of curvature: it creates flat facets. This approach is tested through a prototypical installation at the Musee d'Jurassien d'Art and d'histoire using aluminium sheet metal and water-jet cutting, but can also be transferred to other architectural applications. Keywords: Tendrils, Patterning, Making, Facets INTRODUCTION This paper presents a new form of digital pattern making over architectural surfaces by looking at Wal- ter Crane's notion of figures and scaffolds. In "Line and Form" Crane states that the "law governing ex- tension of design over surface" is build upon "em- phatic structural lines" (Crane, 1900). A "satisfactory pattern" has to be developed based on constructive lines that can either be integrated into the design as a motive or concealed by placing the primary pat- tern over those lines. The scaffold allows for varia- tion and richness: it is not perceived as a restriction. Ornament and structure are equal and can in some cases (gothic structures and ornamentations) reach a state of full integration. W. Crane applies his ap- proach to friezes, ceiling decorations, wallpaper - in short: to two dimensional pattern making, which is based on a rectangular or triangular grid within cer- tain boundaries (Figure 1). The presented approach applies a similar approach to both - the scaffold and the pattern - as an application for structuring a three dimensional surface. The discussed research approach has been stud- ied through a prototype, which was exhibited at the Art Museum of Moutier. The paper discusses the computational approach towards combining three- dimensional scaffolds and applying tendril patterns onto a three-dimensional surface. By developing Crane's technique as a parametric and recursive in- filling algorithm, the paper aims to bridge between organizational tiles and logarithmic figuring as a way to achieve continuous patterns on tectonic surfaces. PATTERN MAKING In wallpaper designs, patterns are primarily orga- nized by laying out a repetitive lattice to subdivide surface into smaller areas that are later replaced by figures. Such an approach is evident in Walter Crane's Generative Design- Parametric Modelling - Volume 2 - eCAADe 32 | 107