1 ɈɐȿɇɄȺ ɆɈɊɎɈɆȿɌɊɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɉȺɊȺɆȿɌɊɈȼ ȻȺɋɋȿɃɇɈȼ ȽɂȾɊɈȽɊȺɎɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ ȾȿɆȺɊɄȺɐɂɂ ɆȺɇȺȻɂ, ЭɄȼȺȾɈɊ Ⱥɧɬɨɧɢɨ Ɏɟɪɦɢɧ Ʉɚɦɩɨɫ ɋɟɞɟɧɶɨ (Эɤɜɚɞɨɪ) 1 , ȿ. Ʉ. ɋɢɧɢɱɟɧɤɨ 1 , ɂ.ɂ. Ƚɪɢɰɭɤ 1 1 Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɞɪɭɠɛɵ ɧɚɪɨɞɨɜ Уɥ. Оɪɞɠɨɧɢɤɢɞɡɟ, 3, Мɨɫɤɜɚ, Рɨɫɫɢя, 115419 ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɨ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɵɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɧɵɯ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ. ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬ ɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɚɯ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɨɜ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɛɚɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɦɨɪɮɨɦɟɬɪɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ. ɇɚɤɨɧɟɰ, ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɨɪɢɣ, ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɞɟɤɫ ɤɨɦɩɚɤɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɝɭɫɬɨɬɚ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ Ƚɢɞɪɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ Ⱦɟɦɚɪɤɚɰɢɢ Ɇɚɧɚɛɢ. Ʉɥюɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɹ, ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɧɵɣ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧ, ɡɚɤɨɧɵ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɨɜ, ɢɧɞɟɤɫ ɤɨɦɩɚɤɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɝɭɫɬɨɬɚ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ ȼɨɞɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɧɚ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɟ. Хɨɬɹ ɞɨ ɫɢɯ ɩɨɪ ɧɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ, Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧёɧɧɵɯ ɇɚɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɧɚɭɤɢ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ, ɘɇȿɋɄɈ, ɜ 1978 ɝɨɞɭ, ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɥɚ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɨɞɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 1,400.00 ɦɢɥɥɢɨɧɨɜ ɤɭɛɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɢɥɨɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ 2,53% ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɫɧɭɸ ɜɨɞɭ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɭɸɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɤɚɯ, ɛɨɥɨɬɚɯ, ɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɥɶɞɚɯ, ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɱɜɵ, ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞɚɯ, ɫɧɟɝɭ, ɠɢɜɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚɯ ɢ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɛɵɥɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɱɬɨ 0.0002% ɨɬ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɴёɦɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ. ɉɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱёɬ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɞɨɠɞɹ ɜɵɩɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɡɟɦɧɭɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ, ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɢɧɮɢɥɶɬɪɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɱɜɭ ɢ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ, ɚ ɞɪɭɝɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɦɨɛɢɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɚɦɨɬёɤɚ ɫ ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɞɨ ɧɢɡɤɢɯ ɨɬɦɟɬɨɤ. Ⱦɚɥɶɲɟ, ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞ ɜ ɭɫɬɶɹɯ, ɪɭɱɶɹɯ ɢ ɩɨɬɨɤɚɯ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɪɟɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɫɱёɬɟ ɜɩɚɞɚɸɬ ɜ ɦɨɪɟ. Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ, ɝɞɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɫɥɢɬɶ, ɥɢɛɨ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɩɨɬɨɤ, ɨɡɟɪɨ ɢɥɢ ɦɨɪɟ, ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɧыɦ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɦ (Ɋɢɫ.1). Ʌɢɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɨɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɬɨɱɤɚɯ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ, ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɡɞɟɥɨɦ.