adfa, p. 1, 2011.
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011
Relationship between Mean Radiant Temperature and
Building Type for Pedestrians in Rotterdam
Qun Dai
1*
, Marc Aurel Schnabel
1
1
School of Architecture, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
{daiqun, marcaurel}@cuhk.edu.hk
Abstract. Outdoor thermal comfort for pedestrians becomes important issues in
urban planning affecting everyone’s daily lives. Mean Radiant Temperature
(T
mrt
) is one of the most important parameters in micro climate. In this study,
we built a computerised model with variable and typical building types. Then a
radiation model SOLWEIG was used to simulate pavements’ T
mrt
spatial varia-
tions. We analysed and discussed the simulation results by comparing different
building types. We used RayMan to find some relationship between thermal
comfort index PET or PMV. Our finding can act as a reference for architects
and planners to make design decisions on quantifying the thermal comfort in
specific urban environment and their building types.
Keywords: Mean radiant temperature (T
mrt
), pedestrians, thermal comfort in-
dex, spatial variations
1 Introduction
Micro climate has become an important issue in urban planning and has a strong im-
pact on human health. Some key meteorological parameters have a great influence on
outdoor thermal comfort. The Mean Radiant Temperature (T
mrt
) is one of these major
important parameters.
Several researches showed that there is a strong relationship between T
mrt
and
thermal comfort index, such as Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET), during
weak wind summer days [1-3]. Wind speed is low in medium-sized western European
cities especially during heat wave. T
mrt
becomes an important thermo-physiological
parameter in these regions, such as cities in the Netherlands or Germany.
T
mrt
weighs all short-wave radiation flux in direct, diffuse and reflected and long-
wave radiation flux emitted from sky, wall, floor [4], as well as the radiation flux
considering the human surface area in each direction [5-6].
Currently there are four common micro-scale models to simulate T
mrt
, such as the
ENVI-met Model [7] developed by Ozkeresteci, the point simulation model called
RayMan [8], SkyHelios for calculating sky view factor and sunshine duration calculat-