Assimilation, Emigration, Semigration, and Integration:
'white' peoples' strategies for finding a comfort zone in post-apartheid South Africa1
Richard Ballard
Iwaspartofthesystem,Iwashookedintoit. . . [Wecontinued
withourprivilegedexistenceknowingthattherewereallthose
millions. . . outn hecoldasitwere,knowinghattherehadtobe
changesomewheresomehowsortofwantingt,butin hesecret
of your heart thinking gosh away goes my nice comfortable
feeling. . . However much you can want a situation to change,
you'regivingupyourcomfortzone (nterview,July 1996).
Our sense of space and sense ofself are mutually constituive. As
muchaswetrytoshapeourworldstofitinwithouridentities,our
environments also shape us, challenge us, and constrain us. We
attemptto findcomfort zones within whicitis possible for usto
'be ourselves' These are places that do not chalenge our self
conceptions.Homeinitsidealformisthebestexample.Itisaplace
where we feel safe andcanletour guards down. Somepeople say
that their homes are an extension of themselves. We choose to
decorateourhomesinawaythatpleasesusandwillimpressvisitors
whoseafirmationweseek.Homeis,visuallyandinthethingsdone
and ords spokenin itsperimeters, amanifestationofour values.
Ifwearelucky,hometranscendstheliteralbuilding we livein and
becomesmetaphoricallyextendedto heneighbourhood,city,even
country or continent.To freely say that SouthAfrica is my home
requires me to be sufiiently comfortable with the values,
practices, and words spoken within its boundaries. It must be a
sourceofsafetyandsecuritybothphysicallyadmetaphorically.
In the following discussion, I wish to consider ways in which
'white' SouthAfricansattempto findcomfort zones. In thepast,
comfortzoneswerecreatedthroughformalsegregation.To create
livingenvironmentswhichwouldfacilitatetheirmodern,European
sense of themselves, the minority government removed those
people,values,behaviours,languageswhichwereseentocontradict
thisidentity. However, fromthe 1970sformalsegregationbecame
increasinglyuntenable.Theminoritygovernmentbegantopromote
the idea of assimilation in which a 'black' middle class would be
alowedinto the comfrt onesof 'white' people in echangefor
thesanctityofprivateproperty andaproperty marketthat would
continue to filter out more 'undesirable' people. However, as
squatters and street traders have demonstrated, it is possible to
usurplandinthecity with littleregardforthepropertymarket.The
implication for some is that the living environment no longer
functionstoaffirmaWestern,modern,senseofselfandisnolongera
sourceofsecurityandsafety.Theextremeresponsetothisdislocation
is relocation to anoher country which accords better with the
identity to which individuals aspire.
51
in Natasha Distiller and Melissa Steyn (eds) (2004) Under construction: 'Race' and identity in South
Africa today. Johnanesburg: Heinemann. pp 51-66.