Employer Attitudes Towards the Work Inclusion
of People With Disability
Laura Nota, Sara Santilli, Maria C. Ginevra and Salvatore Soresi
Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
Accepted for publication 16 October 2013
Background This study examines the importance of work
in life of people with disability and then focuses on
employer attitudes towards these people. In the light of
Stone and Colella’s model, the study examines the
employer attitudes and the role of variables such as
type of disability, employer experience in the hiring of
persons with disabilities, the description of hypothetical
hirees with disabilities, the ways in which employers
evaluate work performance and social acceptability, and
the work tasks that they consider appropriate for
workers with disability.
Method Eighty employers were randomly assigned to
standard condition (candidates with disability were
presented by referring to the disability they presented)
or positive condition (candidates were presented with
reference to their strengths).
Results It was found that the type of disability and its
presentation influence employer attitudes. In addition,
realistic and conventional tasks were considered
appropriate for hirees with disabilities.
Conclusions Implications were discussed.
Keywords: disability, employer attitudes, work inclusion
Introduction
The workplace inclusion of people with disabilities has
become a pressing issue in our ostensibly ‘modern’
society; in particular, in Europe, the employment rate
for people with disability is only 11.3%, and 10.3% of
disabled unemployed individuals are currently seeking
work (European Commission 2008). In Italy, up to 66%
of people with disability remain excluded from the
work market: only 3.5% are employed and 0.9% are
seeking work. Among individuals with disability
actually employed, those with physical disability have
the highest employment rate (16.3%), as compared to
the other types of disability.
In general, the situation, moreover, is apparently
worsening, due to the rather new phenomenon of
constant job market uncertainty, caused by globalization
and by continual and rapid technological advances
(Wehmeyer et al. 2011). The current economic crisis
businesses are undergoing is associated with fewer
investments in human capital, reducing hiring
opportunities thereby, especially for people considered
unable to continually meet high productivity standards
(Stensrud 2007). Specifically in the Italian context, data
on the impact of the economic crisis reveal a severe
drop in the number of disabled workers hired, with a
2-year hiring reduction of 34% (National Institute of
Statistics 2011).
Yet work is a crucial issue in the lives of people with
disability to the construction of personal identity, life
needs satisfaction and finding meaning in one’s life, and
it also provides important opportunities for applying
knowledge acquired and personal talents (Szymanski &
Hershenson 2005). Moreover, competitive employment
contexts allow people with disability to work alongside
non-disabled individuals and to reap the same benefits,
such as standard wages and contracts as these other
workers, in similar jobs for the same business (Verdugo
et al. 2006).
Despite various national and state policies promoting
supported employment, the placement of adults with
intellectual or developmental disabilities in competitive
context is quite low (39%) (Wehman 2011). Stigma still
plays an important role in this phenomenon, as people
with disability are avoided by others, subjected to
prejudice, and are frequently viewed as being less
desirable employees than individuals with no disability
(Colella et al. 1998).
© 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd 10.1111/jar.12081
Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities 2013
Published for the British Institute of Learning Disabilities