©Teaching Ethics 2014. All rights reserved; ISSN 1544-4031. pp. 151–172
Teaching Ethics 15:1 (Fall 2014)
DOI: 10.5840/tej2014111311
Teaching Being Ethical
Lisa Kretz
University of Evansville
Abstract: Teaching ethics at the university level in the Western tradition
tends to focus on teaching ethical theories, or—in the case of applied
ethics—applying theories. Success in ethics courses is occasioned by
the ability to articulate, and in some cases apply, ethical theories. Ratio-
cination about ethics is the focus. I contend that in so far as one of the
goals of ethical education is becoming more ethical, current pedagogical
models leave much to be desired. This paper makes a case for teaching
being ethical. I recommend developing the skill sets required for enact-
ing ethical behavior. Problems with historical methods of testing ethical
development are assessed, and methods for testing ethical behavior are
considered. I explore fertile sites for research and practice regarding the
intersection of moral education and moral behavior. In particular I focus
on the role of emotion, active learning techniques, moral exemplars, and
addressing the relevance of self-concept.
Introduction
I
read a paper a number of years ago that illuminated what I believe to be a vi-
tal and understudied dimension of teaching philosophical ethics. In “Teaching
Goodness: Moral Development Theory and the Teaching of Ethics,” Robert Hal-
liday and Linnéa Franits wonder whether people who take a philosophical ethics
course become more ethical citizens or professionals (Halliday and Franits 2006:
81).
1
The focus of Halliday and Fanits’s testing was on increased moral reasoning
skills as opposed to changed behavior. Part of the justiication presented for this
focus was 1) philosophy courses teach moral reasoning rather than behavior, and
2) there are reliable and valid assessment tools to measure moral reasoning but
not for measuring moral behavior (Halliday and Franits 2006: 85). Such consid-
erations prompted, for me, serious concern about why most Western philosophy
courses teach moral reasoning rather than moral behavior. Why don’t philosophy
courses facilitate both critical thinking skills and the associated tools for behavior
change—behavior that relects the results of that critical thinking? Moreover, why
aren’t there reliable and valid assessment tools to measure moral behavior? If there
were, what would they look like?