Journal of Homosexuality, 59:149–185, 2012
Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
ISSN: 0091-8369 print/1540-3602 online
DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2012.648877
Race Relations and Racism in the LGBTQ
Community of Toronto: Perceptions of Gay
and Queer Social Service Providers of Color
SULAIMON GIWA, PhD Candidate, DipPE, BA, MSW
Faculty of Liberal Arts and Professional Studies, School of Social Work,
York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
CAMERON GREENSMITH, PhD Student, BA, MA
Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto,
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
This article explores race relations and racism within the lesbian,
gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) community of
Toronto, Ontario, from the perspective of seven gay/queer social
service providers of color. Social constructions of race, race rela-
tions, and racism were placed at the centre of analysis. Employing
interpretive phenomenological analysis, findings indicated that
intergroup and broader systemic racism infiltrates the LGBTQ com-
munity, rendering invisible the lived experiences of many LGBTQ
people of color. The study contributes to a growing body of research
concerning our understanding of factors underpinning social
discrimination in a contemporary Canadian LGBTQ context.
KEYWORDS race relations, racism, gay and queer social ser-
vice providers of color, interpretive phenomenological analysis
research, qualitative, Canada
Race has become metaphorical—a way of referring to and disguising
forces, events, classes, and expressions of social decay and economic
division far more threatening to the body politic than biological “race”
The authors would like to thank the editor and three anonymous reviewers, whose
constructive feedback is greatly appreciated.
Address correspondence to Sulaimon Giwa, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Professional
Studies, School of Social Work, York University, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada. E-mail:
sol.giwa@gmail.com
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