Behavior Modification XX(X) 1–38 © The Author(s) 2013 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/0145445513508977 bmo.sagepub.com Article Why Stop Self-Injuring? Development of the Reasons to Stop Self- Injury Questionnaire Brianna J. Turner 1 , Alexander L. Chapman 1 , and Kim L. Gratz 2 Abstract We developed a measure of reasons to refrain from nonsuicidal self- injury (NSSI), the Reasons to Stop Self-Injury Questionnaire (RSSIQ), and examined how such reasons are associated with vulnerability versus resiliency for NSSI. Following qualitative item generation, we explored the factor structure, reliability, and convergent validity of the RSSIQ in 218 self- injuring undergraduates. In Study 2, we confirmed the hierarchical factor structure in 146 self-injuring individuals. In Study 3, we examined the incremental predictive validity of the RSSIQ. These studies resulted in a 40- item inventory with nine subscales and two higher-order factors. Resiliency- related reasons to stop NSSI were associated with greater hopefulness, social support, and adaptive coping, and prospectively protected against NSSI 3 months later, while vulnerability-related reasons were associated with greater psychopathology and dysfunctional coping, and predicted more chronic and severe NSSI. These studies, and the RSSIQ, can enhance the assessment and treatment of NSSI by clarifying motivations to stop NSSI. Keywords nonsuicidal self-injury, deliberate self-harm, protective factors, assessment 1 Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada 2 University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, USA Corresponding Author: Brianna J. Turner, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada. Email: briannat@sfu.ca 508977BMO XX X 10.1177/0145445513508977Turner et al.Behavior Modication research-article 2013