Energising Rural India Using Distributed Generation: The Case of Solar Mini-Grids in Chhattisgarh State, India Debajit Palit, Gopal K. Sarangi and P. R. Krithika Abstract Conventional grid extension has been the predominant mode of elec- trification in India. However, solar photovoltaic technology has also been used for providing electricity access in remote, forested habitations and islands. Under the Remote Village Electrification Programme by the Government of India, around 12,000 villages and hamlets have been electrified using renewable energy. The state of Chhattisgarh in Central India has alone been able to electrify around 1,400 remote and forested villages through solar mini-grids. This chapter attempts to examine the development and operation of the solar mini-grid model for enhancing electricity access in India, with special focus on the state of Chhattis- garh. The work, based on extensive literature review, interview with key stake- holders and field visits to selected remote forested villages in the state of Chhattisgarh, shares the experiences and lessons of the solar mini-grid programme for rural electrification in the state by comprehensively analysing multiple dimensions of the programme such as coverage and trend, technical designs, institutional arrangements, financial mechanism and operation and maintenance aspects, which were key to the success of the solar mini-grids. We observe that robust institutional arrangement, strong policy support and an effective mainte- nance and an oversight mechanism have been the key contributing factors for the success of this initiative. D. Palit (&) Á P. R. Krithika Social Transformation Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110003, India e-mail: debajitp@teri.res.in P. R. Krithika e-mail: krithika@teri.res.in G. K. Sarangi Department of Policy Studies, TERI University, Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi 110070, India e-mail: gopal.sarangi@teri.res.in S. C. Bhattacharyya and D. Palit (eds.), Mini-Grids for Rural Electrification of Developing Countries, Green Energy and Technology, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-04816-1_12, Ó Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014 313