Introduction he Nabta Playa Basin is one of the largest palaeolakes of the playa type on the South–Western Desert border, located around 100 km west of the Nile Valley (Fig. 1). Remains of hundreds of Neolithic encampents and settlements have been found around it and excavated by the Combined Prehistoric Expedition 1 (Wen- dorf and Schild 1980; 1998; 2001a; Banks 1984; Close 1987; Nelson 2002). In 2006 a research project commenced, which aimed at examining various aspects of the Early Neolithic settlement, beginning with the identiication of its earliest phase. An extensive archaeological survey was carried out in the Nabta Playa Basin and in the several, smaller playa basins to the south of the Nabta region (Berget esh– Sheb and Gebel Fentas – Bobrowski et al. 2010: 25–26). Evidence of El Adam horizon settlement at Nabta had previously been re- corded at three sites: E–75–9 (Wendorf and Schild 2001c), E–91–3 and E–91–4 (Close 2001). All of these sites are situated close to each another, in the central part of the basin (Fig. 2). Exploration of a new site, E–06–1 (600 m to the NW of Site E–75–9), provided extraordinary results. It was a seasonal encampment situ- ated on an Early Holocene phytogenic dune at the edge of a seasonal playa lake appearing ater summer rains probably for several months in a year (Fig. 3, 4). 1 Combined Prehistoric Expedition is an international research body founded in 1962 and in recent years jointly sponsored by the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas Texas, and he Combined Prehistoric Expedition Foundation. Maciej Jórdeczka, Halina Królik, Mirosław Masojć, Romuald Schild Early Neolithic Settlements of El Adam Type from Nabta Playa. Site E-06-1 Prehistory of Northeastern Africa New Ideas and Discoveries Studies in African Archaeology 11 Poznań Archaeological Museum 2012