Namiko Kunimoto
Gutai's Ascent
Gutai: Splendid Playground. Exhibition
organized by Ming Tiampo and Alexandra
Munroe. Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum,
New York, February lj—May 8, 2013.
Ming Tiampo and Alexandra Munroe,
eds. Gutai: Splendid Playground. With
contributions by Tiampo, Munroe, Pedro
Erber, Lyn Hsieh, Nakajima Izumi, Katö
Mizuho, Judith Rodenbeck, Hlrai Shöichi,
ReikoTomii, and Midori Yoshimoto. New
York: Guggenheim, 2013. 316 pp., 270 ills. j6j
The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museinn in
New York recently held the first North
American retrospective of the Gutai Art
Association (Gutai Bijutsu Kyokai). Galled
Gutai: Splendid Playground, the exhibition illus-
trated how this intensely productive postwar
group emphasized sensory, childlike explora-
tion to find new directions for art during
the eighteen years it was active (19S4—1972).
Walking into the museum's central
rotunda on the show's opening weekend,
one immediately perceived that the exhibi-
tion's title befitted (and perhaps helped cre-
ate) the lighthearted atmosphere conjured
by the artworks displayed in Frank Lloyd
Wright's idiosyncratic space. Ghildren and
adults enthusiastically used the crayons pro-
vided and their own implements to draw on
a large board in the main foyer. The white
board, re-covered numerous times during
the exhibition and labeled "Please Draw
Freely," was a re-creation of an eponyxnous
work by the group's leader, Yoshihara Jiro
(1905—1972), from the 19^6 Outdoor Gutai
Art Exhibition held in a park in Ashiya, Japan.
Other gallery-goers gathered to view a new
version of Tanaka Atsuko's (1932—2ooj)
spectacular Electric Dress ( 1956), or gazed up
to the ceiling, where Motonaga Sadamasa's
(1922—2011 ) design of transparent polyethyl-
ene skins filled with colored water was sus-
pended. The show's organizers made use
of the space in creative and experimental
ways in a manner not unliie the Gutai
artists themselves.
Motonaga's piece, titled Work (Water),
was the second homage in the show to the
I9j6 Ashiya park exhibition. Its brightly col-
ored catenaries of water effectively recast
the Guggenheim's architecture as a three-
dimensional painting. The vibrancy of basic
color—transparent yet vivid red, green,
yellow, and other colors—^was augmented
by the light pouring through the skylight,
similar to the refiective properties of the
work when first shown in Ashiya Park. At that
time. Work (Water) was suspended from trees
closer to the groimd, so the tactile juxtaposi-
tion of the industrial tubes and the trees was
brought to the fore. But in 2013, Motonaga's
new design was hterally andfigurativelyele-
vated, even spiritualized. Viewers cast their
gaze to the heavens, as though in awe of
Gutai's rise from obscurity to recent claims
that it was the most infiuential postwar
Japanese art movement. Work (Water) is an
especially touching vision, given that the
artist passed away at eighty-nine in 2011,
shortly after completing the design for the
Guggenheim show.
Splendid Playground was cocurated by Ming
Tiampo, Associate Professor of Art History at
Garleton University, and Alexandra Munroe,
the Samsung Senior Gurator of Asian Art at
the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum.
Tiampo's scholarly commitment to Gutai,
which has spanned more than a decade, has
reached new heights in this excellent exhibi-
tion. Her knowledge of Gutai archival mate-
rial, her personal familiarity with the group's
members, and her wise choice to incorpo-
rate the voices of leading Japanese Gutai
scholars enriched the show immensely.
Munroe first introduced many North
Americans to Gutai in her foundational 1994
exhibition (at the Yokohama Museum of
Art, the Guggenheim New York, and the San
Francisco Museum of Modern Art) and
accompanying catalogue, Japanese Art After
1945: Scream Against the Sky (New York: Abrams,
1994).The catalogue's chapter on Gutai
opened with an analysis of its first outdoor
exliibitions and focused particularly on the
early performance pieces.
The Guggenheim show, however,
included many works from the late 1960s.
The exhibition organizers attempted to recu-
perate the often-dismissed art from Late
Gutai, or the newly termed "Phase II ( 1962—
1972)," into the chronologically ordered
exhibition. Yet the organization ofthe show
stlU privileged early Gutai. Works from the
19JOS filled the base ofthe rotunda, and the
upper reaches closed with (a rather small)
photograph of the balloons from Gutai's
International Sky Festival ( i960). A film of
Gutai's much-maligned role in Expo '70 was
sequestered ia a side gallery. It was perhaps
inevitable then, that the majority of visitors
crowded arotmd the lower ramps where the
most popular works from the 19ÎOS were
showcased. Whether Phase II works wUl ever
generate the same level of interest remains to
be seen. While Phase n artists Kanno Seiko
and Nasaka Senkichiro compellingly engage
texture and sound, few have found Gutai's
Installation view of Gutai: Splendid
Playground, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum,
New York, 2013 (photograph by David Heald,
© Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation), showing
detail of Motonaga Sadamasa, Work (Water),
1956, polyethylene, water, dye, and rope, dimen-
sions variable
114 SUMMER 2013