J Biochem Tech (2014) 5(4):808-813
ISSN: 0974-2328
Abstract
Nineteen bacterial strains were isolated from vermisources and
screened for Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production among them
only nine strains produce IAA and they were identified as
Streptococcus spp., Micrococcus spp., Klebsiella spp., Bacillus spp.,
Enterobacter spp., Escherichia spp., Alcaligenes spp., Erwinia spp.,
and Pseudomonas spp. Among all other strains Bacillus sp. showed
the higher IAA production hence selected for further molecular
analysis and confirmed as Bacillus cereus. The B. cereus was grown
in nutrient broth supplemented with different concentrations (1, 2, 3,
4 and 5mg/ml) of tryptophan for seven days at pH 7 and at 37
º
C.
Crude IAA was used for in vitro phytostimulatory studies using
Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. The plant growth parameters were
analyzed at different day intervals (5, 10 and 15 days).
Supplementation of 5 ml crude IAA (2mg/ml of tryptophan)
dynamically enhances the plant growth parameters after 15 days.
Keywords: Vermicompost, Tryptophan, Indole-3-acetic acid,
Bacillus cereus, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp
Introduction
To enhance the fertility status of soil, the natural way of feeding the
soil with different types of organic inputs has been practiced in
recent years. There is an increasing interest in the potential of
vermicompost, as plant growth media and as soil amendments.
Vermicompost is a product of biodegradation and stabilization of
organic materials by interaction of earthworms and microorganisms.
It is rich in available nutrients required for plant growth and
colonizing microorganisms capable of fertilizing the soil
(Karmegam and Daniel, 2000).
Phytostimulatory effects of Bacillus strains are well documented
and several mechanisms have been suggested for the growth
improvement activity of this group of plant growth promoting
Rhizobacteria (PGPR). Bacillus spp. have several advantages
over other PGPR in that they posses several growth promoting
traits such as production of phytohormones, secretion of
antibiotics, induction of systemic resistance and their use as
biopesticides (Reva et al., 2004; Swiecicka et al., 2008).
Inoculation of PGPR can elicit physiological changes in plants
that are mainly mediated by secondary metabolites especially
phytohormones produced by microbes. Bacteria can influence
plant growth directly through the production of phytohormones
and indirectly through the production of biocontrol agents
against soil borne pathogens (Glick et al., 2007). PGPR based
products mostly contain strains of Bacillus that may have
direct agricultural application because of long term viability of
these sporogenous bacteria. Therefore, Bacillus spp. has the
potential to be applied as booster inoculants to increase the
efficacy of plant growth promotion and elicitation of systemic
disease protection in the field (Kloepper et al., 2004).
Auxins represent a wide group of compounds which are
derivatives of the indole ring. Auxins are believed to be
essential phytohormones for plant life. Auxins at higher
concentrations stimulate the growth of shoots, inhibit that of
roots, but concentrations of lower magnitude stimulate root
growth. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is the main auxin in plants
and it controls many important physiological processes. IAA
producing bacteria can potentially interfere with such
processes based on the input of IAA into a plants auxin pool
(Raja et al., 2008; Sivasankari and Daniel, 2010). This research
work was carried out with the main objective to evaluate the
IAA production potential of vermisources associated gram-
positive bacilli and their phytostimulatory effect on V.
unguiculata under gnotobiotic conditions.
Materials and Methods
Vermicompost preparation
For the present study epigeic earthworms, Eudrilus eugeniae
(Kinberg) and Eisenia fetida (Savigny) were collected from
the breeding stock of the Department of Biology, Gandhigram
Rural Institute-Deemed University, Gandhigram, Tamilnadu,
India and leaf materials of Gliricidia sepium Jacq, Leucaena
Effect of PGR producing bacterial strains isolated from
vermisources on germination and growth of Vigna unguiculata (L.)
Walp.
Balayogan Sivasankari, Marimuthu Anandharaj
*
, Thilagavathy Daniel
Received: 10 September 2013 / Received in revised form: 14 June 2014, Accepted: 28 June 2014, Published online: 25 December 2014
© Biochemical Technology Society 2014
Balayogan Sivasankari, Marimuthu Anandharaj
*
, Thilagavathy
Daniel
Department of Biology, Gandhigram Rural Institute-Deemed
University, Gandhigram-624302, Dindigul, Tamilnadu, India
Tel.: 0091 9688893123; *Email: anandharaj49@gmail.com