Accepted by J. Pitts: 9 Jun. 2009; published: 27 Jul. 2009 45 ZOOTAXA ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Copyright © 2009 · Magnolia Press Zootaxa 2168: 45–56 (2009) www.mapress.com/ zootaxa/ Article A taxonomic study of the Dryininae (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae) of Japan, with description of a new species of Pseudodryinus TOSHIHARU MITA Entomological Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581 Japan. E-mail: tkp_ex@hotmail.com Abstract The Japanese Dryinidae were studied and 11 species recognized. The following 10 species were recorded for the first time from Japan: Thaumatodryinus alienus Olmi, Dryinus bellicus Olmi , D. chenae Xu, Olmi & He, D. browni Ashmead, D. expolitus Xu, Olmi & He, D. indicus (Kieffer), D. krombeini Ponomarenko, D. pyrillae (Kieffer), D. pyrillivorus Olmi, and D. sinicus Olmi. Pseudodryinus shihoae, new species, is described from Honshu. Thaumatodryinus alienus and D. indicus were reared for the first time from Geisha distinctissima (Walker). Key words: parasitoids; host records; new species Introduction Dryininae (Hymenoptera) are parasitoids and often prey on planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha). They are one of the largest subfamilies of Dryinidae, and include 298 extant species (Olmi, personal communication) belonging to five genera (Olmi & Bechly, 2001). This subfamily is distributed worldwide, but is more species-rich in tropic and subtropic regions. There are currently 51 extant species in three genera recorded from the Oriental Region (Olmi, 1984, 1986, 1987, 1990, 1992, 1993, 1997; He & Xu, 2002). In contrast, only three extant species of Dryinus have been recorded from the Eastern Palaearctic Region: D. browni Ashmead, D. latus Olmi and D. koreanus (Moczar) (Olmi, 1984, 1997; He & Xu, 2002). The former two species, however, are also known as Oriental species, because both were originally described from the Philippines and recorded from many Oriental areas. At present, the third species has been collected only from the Eastern Palaearctic Region. Although there were no previous records of Dryininae in Japan, one species was newly described by Olmi (2009). One of the reasons why this subfamily has been unrecognized for a long time is the poor sampling from subtropic islands, especially the Ryukyus. Only two species have been recorded, G. tambiniae Esaki & Hashimoto from Amami-ô-shima (Esaki & Hashimoto, 1935) and H. apicalis recorded from Iriomote-jima (Sugiura et al., 2004), although many dryinid wasps should be found at these locations. In recent years, the author has examined a number of specimens belonging to Dryininae collected in Japan, and most were collected from the Ryukyus. After careful examination, the specimens were recognized as the following three genera: Thaumatodryinus R. Perkins, Dryinus Latreille and Pseudodryinus Olmi. Material and methods The material used in this study is from the following institutions: ELKU, Entomological Laboratory, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; ELMU, Entomological Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University,