AN ANNOTATED AND ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF SOLNHOFEN (UPPER JURASSIC, GERMANY) PTEROSAUR SPECIMENS AT CARNEGIE MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY DaviD W. E. HonE School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, United Kingdom dwe_hone@yahoo.com MicHaEl B. HaBiB [Research Associate, Section of Vertebrate Paleontology, Carnegie Museum of Natural History] Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Bishop Research Building, Room 403, 1333 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, California 90089 biologyinmotion@gmail.com MattHEW c. laManna Assistant Curator, Section of Vertebrate Paleontology, Carnegie Museum of Natural History 4400 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 lamannam@carnegiemnh.org ANNALS OF CARNEGIE MUSEUM vol. 82, nuMBEr 2, PP. 165–191 31 DEcEMBEr 2013 ABSTRACT We present an annotated and illustrated catalogue of all original fossils, casts, and sculpted replicas of pterosaur specimens from the Upper Jurassic Solnhofen limestones of southern Germany that are housed at Carnegie Museum of Natural History (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.). The museum obtained its substantial Solnhofen pterosaur fossil collection—almost certainly the largest currently held outside of Europe—as part of its purchase of the vast private collection of the Belgian Baron Ernest de Bayet in 1903. Original fossils include six partial to nearly complete skeletons and a beautifully preserved skull of the rhamphorhynchine Rhamphorhynchus muensteri (Goldfuss, 1831), two skeletons of the ctenochasmatid pterodactyloid Aurorazhdarcho micronyx (von Meyer, 1856), and one large pterodactyloid partial appendicular skeleton of indeterminate affinity. Three of the fossils preserve significant soft tissues, and one of these is also among the very few specimens of Rhamphorhynchus von Meyer, 1847 known to include probable gut contents (in this case, fragmentary fish remains). Two other Rhamphorhynchus fossils have been prepared nearly free of sediment in three dimensions. Despite the significance of the Carnegie Museum’s Solnhofen pterosaur collection, it has, in general, been underutilized by the paleontological community. The primary purpose of this catalogue is therefore to increase awareness, and ideally study, of this scientifically and historically important collection of Late Jurassic flying reptiles. KEy WorDs: Archosauria, Aurorazhdarcho, Ctenochasmatidae, paleoecology, Pterodactyloidea, Rhamphorhynchidae, Rhamphorhynchus, soft tissue Pterosaurs are an extinct group of Mesozoic reptiles that were the irst vertebrates to evolve powered light. Al- though they have a rich fossil record that extends across all seven continents, their highly pneumatized skeletons mean that a great many of the best preserved and most complete specimens come from a few limited Lagerstätte deposits (Kellner 2003). Of these, the most famous and probably the most important are the Upper Jurassic Soln- hofen and surrounding beds of southern Germany. The irst pterosaurs to be recognized by science in the late 18 th century came from the Solnhofen (Wellnhofer 2008) and hundreds of pterosaur specimens have now been recovered from these limestone beds. Important new material continues to be discovered and described (e.g., Frey et al. 2003, 2011; Tischlinger 2010; Frey and Tisch- linger 2012; Bennett 2013). The Solnhofen remains a criti- cal part of our understanding of pterosaur evolution for three key reasons. First, it represents part of the major evo- lutionary turnover in pterosaurian biotas as the more de- rived pterodactyloids begin to supersede more basal forms – both are present in the Solnhofen, but the basal forms had vanished by the end of the Early Cretaceous at the lat- est. Second, material is available in large numbers, allow- ing assessments of ontogenetic and intraspeciic variation. Finally, since the Solnhofen beds are historically the earli- est pterosaur-bearing sediments, and remain some of the most productive, a considerable quantity of research has been based on material from these deposits, and many of the taxa that they have yielded are among the best-studied pterosaurs. Solnhofen pterosaurs were long prized for their often exceptional quality of completeness and preservation, with some specimens even including soft tissues. As such, many of these were sold by dealers to nations outside of Germany, and consequently, specimens came to reside in collections as far from Bavaria as Budapest, Copenhagen, London, Dublin, Uppsala, New York, Pittsburgh, and To- kyo. This historic material continues to enter the literature as it is rediscovered in collections and its scientiic signii- cance is appreciated (e.g., Ősi and Prondvai 2009; Ősi et al. 2010; Hone 2012; Vullo et al. 2012). Here we briely describe a series of original fossils, INTRODUCTION