[Basu, 3(12): December, 2014] ISSN: 2277-9655
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IJESRT
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH
TECHNOLOGY
Determination of Heart Rate from ECG Signal- A Simplified Approach
Sautami Basu*, Yusuf Uzzaman Khan
Department of Electrical Engineering
Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
Abstract
Electrocardiography is a non-invasive technique of registration of the electrical activity of the heart and is widely used
as a diagnostic tool by the physicians. ECG signal yields information about the conditions of the heart. Among many
morphological markers of the ECG, the QRS complex and the R-peaks are the most significant ones---with the
contribution of the R-peak to RR interval being a driving factor. The number of R-peaks in a specified interval leads
to the determination of the heart rate in beats per minute. This calls for an efficient R-peak detection algorithm. The
authors have suggested here a straight-forward algorithm, the efficacy of which has been improved by enhancing the
quality of the ECG signal by EMD method. The performance has been compared with Pan-Tompkins algorithm---a
benchmark method and also against the original values obtained from MIT/BIH database.
Keywords: ECG signal, RR interval, Heart rate, Algorithm, EMD method.
Introduction
The clinical importance of the ECG signal in
cardiology is well-established, being used for
example, to determine heart rate, investigate abnormal
heart rhythms and causes of chest pain. An ECG is
generated by a nerve impulse stimulus to heart. The
most important ECG signal features in a single cardiac
cycle are labeled as shown in Fig.1.
Fig 1 Normal ECG Signal
Abnormal patterns of ECG signal as obtained in
practice may be due to various types of artifacts.
Among these artifacts the power line interference
(PLI) and the baseline wandering (BW) are the most
significant ones. The signal voltage level is as low as
0.5 to 5 mV and is susceptible to artifacts that are
larger than it. These signals are within the frequency
range of 0.5 to 100 Hz [1]. Obviously, signal -
conditioning for baseline wandering correction and
noise suppression is typically the first step before
analysis is carried out.
Literature review
Sahoo [2] has opined that the most important interval
to be used for the determination of the cardio-vascular
abnormality condition is RR interval (normal value is
600-1200 ns ). Singh & Netala [3] measured RR
interval using Pan-Tompkins algorithm---an
optimized QRS detection algorithm in real time.
Kulkarni & Patil [4] have determined bradycardia and
tachycardia from ECG signal using wavelet transform.
One of the steps to be followed is the detection of RR
intervals. Nakaya & Nakamura [5] have improved
adaptive sensing method for ECG signals by
incorporating RR interval prediction. Joshi et al [6]