© 2014. Environmental Philosophy 11:2 pp. 333–358
All rights reserved. ISSN: 1718-0918
doi: 10.5840/envirophil2014101317
Bryan E. Bannon, Associate Professor of Philosophy and Director of Environmental Studies and
Sustainability, Merrimack College, 107 Sullivan Hall 315 Turnpike St. North Andover, MA 01845.
E-mail: bannonb@merrimack.edu
Resisting the Domination of Nature:
Regarding Time as an Ethical Concept
Bryan E. Bannon
This essay uses Foucault’s views on time and ethics in order to reconcep-
tualize the domination of nature in terms of the imposition of an inflexible
order upon a place rather than in the more conventional sense in envi-
ronmental studies of reducing nature to a use object for humanity. I then
propose a means of resisting that domination by examining how friendship
might be employed as an ethical ideal in our relationship to nature.
INTRODUCTION
T
he phrases “the domination of nature” and the “mastery of nature” have
been deployed for centuries in order to describe the project of securing
human beings from the uncertainty of the external world. While much has
recently been written concerning the undesirability of such a project due to its
role in creating the ecological situation in which we currently find ourselves,
much less attention has been paid to the means by which such domination
and mastery takes place. Since Michel Foucault’s philosophy has been so useful
in other arenas in refining our understanding of domination within human
communities, the intent of this paper is to argue that the Foucaultian analysis
of how domination functions in our contemporary social organizations also
applies to the natural world. Coming to terms with how the mechanisms of
domination have changed since the conceptions of the mastery of nature in
modern philosophy aids us both in understanding how proposals that are ori-
ented toward liberating nature might yet remain complicit with those forms
of domination and in proposing possible responses to that domination.